Cude 6011 WK 5

Basic GIS
Geo-database
Session 4
1
Session Objectives
 At the end of the session, Participants will be
able to:
 Understand the structure of Geographic
Database (Geo-database) and its benefits.
 Understand how Geo-databases can be used to

model geography.
2
Presentation Outline
● Geo-database:
Definition of Geodatabase
Data Storage in Geodatabase
 Reasons for Using Geodatabase
Geodatabase Development Process
Topology Data Model in Geo-databases
3
Definition of Geodatabase
 A Geo-database is a repository containing the spatial
data inside a RDBMS.
 The term Geo-database is short for geographic
database, a relational database containing geographic
information.
 The Geo-database model supports an object-
relational vector data model.
 Objects with properties, behavior, and relationships.
4
Data Storage in Geodatabase
 The types of data possible to be stored in a Geo-
database are:
 Vector datasets
 Raster datasets
 Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) datasets
 Locators
5
Data Storage in Geodatabase…
 Vector Data:
 Features are spatially represented as points, lines, or
polygons.
 Suitable for representing features with discrete boundaries
such as streets, rivers, states, and cadastral parcels.
 Vector contents in a Geo-database include:
(1)Object class, (2)Feature Class, (3)Feature Attributes, (4)Spatial

Reference, (5)Subtypes, (6)Feature Dataset, (7)Relationships,
(8)Geometric Networks, (9)Planar Topology.
6
 Raster Data:
 Stores spatial data by dividing space into uniform
cells or pixels and assigning value for each
cell/pixel.
 The cells in a raster dataset can depict a variety of
data such as:
 the reflectance of light in a satellite image,
 a color value for a photograph,
 a thematic attribute such as vegetation type, a surface
value, or elevation.
7
 Other Types of Data in a Geodatabase:
(A) Locators: determine location of features by processing

their addresses (e.g. postal code) and alphanumeric values
(e.g. street addresses).
(B) Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN): is built from a

series of irregularly spaced points with values that describe
the surface at that point (e.g., an elevation).
Network of Triangles are connected to form a 3D surface.

8
Reasons for Using Geodatabase
(1) GIS data is stored in one centralized location.
(i.e. easy management & access to data).
(2) Efficient data entry and editing. (i.e. apply rules to
reduce the chances of error).
(3) The Geo-database can model advanced spatial
relationships (e.g. topologies, geometric networks,
network datasets, terrains, etc).
(4) Creates multiuser editing capabilities.
(5) Integration with other information technology
systems
9
Geodatabase Development
Process
 The process includes three design phases:
 Conceptual,
 Logical,
 Physical design.
 Each phase ends in the creation of a database

model, (i.e., a structural representation of some
portion of the world).
1
0
Process …
 Conceptual Phase includes:
 Identifying the information products,

 Identify the key thematic layers and feature classes,
 Detail all feature class(es),
 Group representations into datasets,
1
1
Process …
 Logical Design Phase includes:
 Defining that attribute database structure and behavior for

features,
 Defining spatial properties of datasets,
 Physical Design Phase includes:
 Data field specification,

 Implementation (testing),
 Populate the database (data entry).
1
2
Topology Data Model in Geo-
databases
 Topology is the study of relationships between
objects.
 These relationships include:
 Connectivity – the attachment of the objects
 Contiguity – the identification of adjacent polygons by
recording the left and right polygon of each arc
 Area Definition – a closed area defined by a boundary
1
3
databases…
 Uses of topology in GIS:
 To support spatial analyses. (e.g. network, neighborhood
analysis).
 To support of database development:

 Discover structural problems. (e.g. non-closing polygons,
overlapping polygons, overshoots, undershoots).
 Automate feature creation and ensure feature integration.
1
4
databases…
 Types of Topology in Geo-databases:
1
5
databases…
 Topologies supported by ArcGIS:
 are built on the data structure of the Geo-database
 appears as a database object in the Geo-database
 defines a formal mathematical model used to integrate
geometry from one of more feature classes
1
6
databases…
 Example of Topology Data Structure in ArcGIS
1
7
Some References
● Demers, Michael N. 1996. Fundamentals of Geographic
Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons.
● Laurini,Robertand Derek Thompson. 1992. Fundamentals of
Spatial Information Systems. Academic Press Limited
● Huxhold, William E. 1991. An introduction to urban geographic
information systems. New York: Oxford University Press
● Maguire, David J., Michael Goodchild, and David W. Rhind,
Editors. 1991. Geographic Information Systems: Principles and
Applications. Longman
● Tekaligin Z and Andualem A (2012). Applied GIS: Theories and
Practice. Module Handbook , ESCU
● Watson, David F. 1992. Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and
Display of Spatial Data. Pergamon Press.
1
8
Comments/Questions
Thank you!
1
9

Cude 6011 WK 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cude 6011 WK 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cude 6011 WK 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic GIS

 Understand how Geo-databases can be used to

(1)Object class, (2)Feature Class, (3)Feature Attributes, (4)Spatial

(A) Locators: determine location of features by processing

(B) Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN): is built from a

Network of Triangles are connected to form a 3D surface.

 Each phase ends in the creation of a database

 Identifying the information products,

 Defining that attribute database structure and behavior for

 Data field specification,

 To support spatial analyses. (e.g. network, neighborhood

 To support of database development:

 are built on the data structure of the Geo-database

 appears as a database object in the Geo-database

 defines a formal mathematical model used to integrate

geometry from one of more feature classes

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.