Environmental Pollution and Control

DCC6232
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
AND CONTROL
CHAPTER 3: AIR POLLUTION
NIZAM BIN MAT ALI

3.1 Understand the scope and perspective of air
pollution
 3.1.2 State the composition of air in atmosphere

 3.1.1 Define the air pollution.
 3.1.3 Describe the perspectives of air pollution
What is Air?
Air is defined as the tasteless, odorless, and invisible
mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.
 78% Nitrogen
 21% Oxygen
 0.03% Carbon Dioxide
 <1% Argon (inert)
 Water Vapor
What is Air Pollution?
The presence of any
substances in the atmosphere
in quantities which are or may
be harmful or injurious to
human health, animal or plant
life, or property or
unreasonably interfere with the
enjoyment of life or property.
Air Pollution
 Gaseous or particulate substances released into the atmosphere
in sufficient quantities or concentrations to cause injury to
plants, animals, or humans.
 Typically emitted into the atmosphere and transported from the

source to the affected organism.
 Air is said to be “Polluted” when it is no longer tasteless,

odorless, colorless
Major Sources of Air Pollution
Residential fuel combustion,

farming operations,
construction, road dust, wind-
blown dust,
Sources of all air pollutants

measured in California*
(Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide,
Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of
Sulfur and Particulate Matter)
Source: California Department of Consumer Affairs,

Bureau of Automotive Repair
• Air pollutants have sources that are both
NATURAL and HUMAN.
• Now, humans contribute substantially more to
the air pollution problem.
• Natural Air Pollution
• Man-Made Air Pollution
A-Natural Air Pollution
 Forest fires, ash, particulates, carbon dioxide
 Volcanic eruptions, - ash, acid mist, hydrogen sulfide
 Wind erosion,
 Pollen dispersal,
 Evaporation of organic compounds, and
 Natural radioactivity.
 Gut bacteria- methane gas

Why Natural Air Pollution is OK
 Natural air pollution poses little threat to the health
of people and ecosystems:
1. Levels of contaminants are typically very low

2. Large distance between sources of natural pollution
and large human population
3. Major sources are episodic and temporary
B-Man Made Air Pollution
 Also known as antropogenic air pollution
 Can be divided into 2 physical forms: - gases and
particles
 However, pollutants exists in all 3 phases of matter
because particles include solid and liquid substances.
 When dispersed in atmosphere, solid and liquid
particles form aerosols.
 Aerosols defined as “any solid or liquid particles
suspended in the air”
C-Primary and Secondary Pollutants
 Primary- put directly into air

from polluting source.
 Secondary- when primary

pollutants combines with other
substances in air and creates
something more hazardous (acid
rain, smog)
 Control of secondary pollutants is
generally more problematic than
that of primary pollutants, because
mitigation of secondary pollutants
requires the identification of the
precursor compounds and their
sources as well as an
understanding of the specific
chemical reactions that result in
the formation of the secondary
pollutants.
D.Sources:
Mobile or Stationary
Most urban area pollution

source is burning fossil
fuels.
E.Mobile Sources
Mobile Sources
 On-road includes any moving source of air pollution such as cars, trucks,
motorcycles, and buses
 Non-road sources include pollutants emitted by combustion engines on farm
and construction equipment, locomotives, commercial marine vessels,
recreational watercraft, airplanes, snow mobiles, agricultural equipment, and
lawn and garden equipment
F-Air Pollution Sources
Point Sources – Generally a major facility emitting
pollutants from identifiable sources (pipe or smoke stack).
Facilities are typically permitted.
G.Area Sources
Area – Any low-level source of air pollution released over
a diffuse area (not a point) such as consumer products, architectural
coatings, waste treatment facilities, animal feeding operations,
construction, open burning, residential wood burning, swimming
pools, and char broilers
Thank you

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DCC6232

NIZAM BIN MAT ALI

 3.1.2 State the composition of air in atmosphere

 0.03% Carbon Dioxide

 <1% Argon (inert)

 Typically emitted into the atmosphere and transported from the

 Air is said to be “Polluted” when it is no longer tasteless,

Residential fuel combustion,

Sources of all air pollutants

Source: California Department of Consumer Affairs,

 Gut bacteria- methane gas

1. Levels of contaminants are typically very low

 Primary- put directly into air

 Secondary- when primary

Most urban area pollution

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