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    Necrosis

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    Saradha Pellati
    Necrosis is a type of cell death associated with loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrene. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture for days and results from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis completely digests dead cells into a liquid mass through powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Caseous necrosis resembles dry cheese and is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis seen in tuberculosis.

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    Necrosis

    Uploaded by

    Saradha Pellati
    2K views23 pages
    Necrosis is a type of cell death associated with loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrene. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture for days and results from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis completely digests dead cells into a liquid mass through powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Caseous necrosis resembles dry cheese and is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis seen in tuberculosis.

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    Necrosis is a type of cell death associated with loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrene. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture for days and results from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis completely digests dead cells into a liquid mass through powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Caseous necrosis resembles dry cheese and is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis seen in tuberculosis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2K views23 pages

    Necrosis

    Uploaded by

    Saradha Pellati
    Necrosis is a type of cell death associated with loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrene. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture for days and results from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis completely digests dead cells into a liquid mass through powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Caseous necrosis resembles dry cheese and is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis seen in tuberculosis.

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    Necrosis

    • Necrosis - type of cell death associated with loss of


    membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents
    causing dissolution of cells, due to the degradative
    action of enzymes.
    • Enzymes are from lysosomes and migrant WBCs.
    • Necrotic cells become digested and phagocytosed or
    become calcified
    • Necrotic focus - surrounded by inflammation
    Morphology of necrosis
    • Changes in the cytoplasm
    • Changes in the nucleus
    Types of necrosis

    • Coagulative necrosis
    • Liquefactive necrosis
    • Caseous necrosis
    • Fat necrosis
    • Fibrinoid necrosis
    • Gangrene
    Coagulative necrosis
    • Form of necrosis in which the underlying tissue
    architecture is preserved for several days
    • The affected tissues has a firm texture
    • Mechanism: Usually due to ischemia. Denaturation
    of structural and enzymatic proteins blocking
    complete proteolysis of dead cell.
    • Micro: conversion of normal cells into their
    ‘tombstones’ i.e. outlines of the cells are retained
    • Eg: Kidney, liver, spleen, heart
    Example of coagulative necrosis.
    Wedge-shaped pale area of coagulative
    necrosis in the cortex of the kidney.
    Liquefactive necrosis
    • Type of necrosis in which the dead cells are
    completely digested, transforming the tissue into a
    liquid viscous mass.
    • Mechanism: Degradation of tissue by the action of
    powerful hydrolytic enzymes
    • Micro: Cystic space containing necrotic cell debris and
    macrophages filled with phagocytosed material.
    • Eg: Bacterial and fungal infections – abscesses,
    hypoxic brain injury – cerebral infarcts
    The liver shows a small abscess here filled with many neutrophils.
    This abscess is an example of localized liquefactive necrosis
    Liquefactive necrosis
    Liquefactive necrosis - brain
    Liquefactive necrosis - brain
    Caseous necrosis
    • Type of necrosis which resembles dry cheese - soft,
    granular and yellowish.
    • Combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis
    • Mechanism: Histotoxic effects of lipopolysaccharides
    in the capsule of tubercle bacilli.
    • Micro: Amorphous granular pink appearance
    • Eg: foci of TB infection
    Caseous necrosis, with
    confluent cheesy tan
    granulomas in the
    upper portion of the
    lung in a patient with
    tuberculosis.
    TB lung
    Caseous necrosis
    Fat necrosis
    • Refers to focal areas of fat destruction
    • Mechanism: Liberation of pancreatic lipases from
    injured/inflamed tissue. The lipases split the
    triglyceride esters in the fat cells into fatty acids. The
    fatty acids combine with calcium to produce grossly
    visible chalky white areas (fat saponification)
    • Micro: shadowy outlines of necrotic fat cells with
    basophilic calcium deposits.
    • Eg: Traumatic – eg: breast
    Enzymatic – eg: pancreatitis
    Fat necrosis - gross
    Fat necrosis
    Fibrinoid necrosis
    • Form of necrosis characterised by deposition of
    fibrin-like material which has the staining
    properties of fibrin
    • Mechanism: Deposition of complexes of antigens
    and antibodies in the walls of arteries.
    • Micro: Brightly eosinophilic, hyaline-like material
    deposition in the vessel wall surrounded by
    nuclear debris of neutrophils
    • Eg: Vasculitis
    Fibrinoid necrosis

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