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    Unit 1: General Background and Speed Governors

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    Hartoyo
    This document discusses speed governing systems for power plants. It explains that governing systems are needed to regulate turbine speed and power output to match changing consumer demand loads. The governing system senses speed changes and adjusts the steam control valve opening to change the turbine power output. This action stops the power mismatch but leaves a speed error. The document defines regulation or droop as the percentage change in speed that causes a 100% change in power output. It provides diagrams of typical speed governing system block diagrams and steady-state droop characteristics. It explains how adding a speed changer to the governor facilitates controlling frequency to 60Hz regardless of load changes.

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    Unit 1: General Background and Speed Governors

    Uploaded by

    Hartoyo
    75 views14 pages
    This document discusses speed governing systems for power plants. It explains that governing systems are needed to regulate turbine speed and power output to match changing consumer demand loads. The governing system senses speed changes and adjusts the steam control valve opening to change the turbine power output. This action stops the power mismatch but leaves a speed error. The document defines regulation or droop as the percentage change in speed that causes a 100% change in power output. It provides diagrams of typical speed governing system block diagrams and steady-state droop characteristics. It explains how adding a speed changer to the governor facilitates controlling frequency to 60Hz regardless of load changes.

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    This document discusses speed governing systems for power plants. It explains that governing systems are needed to regulate turbine speed and power output to match changing consumer demand loads. The governing system senses speed changes and adjusts the steam control valve opening to change the turbine power output. This action stops the power mismatch but leaves a speed error. The document defines regulation or droop as the percentage change in speed that causes a 100% change in power output. It provides diagrams of typical speed governing system block diagrams and steady-state droop characteristics. It explains how adding a speed changer to the governor facilitates controlling frequency to 60Hz regardless of load changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    75 views14 pages

    Unit 1: General Background and Speed Governors

    Uploaded by

    Hartoyo
    This document discusses speed governing systems for power plants. It explains that governing systems are needed to regulate turbine speed and power output to match changing consumer demand loads. The governing system senses speed changes and adjusts the steam control valve opening to change the turbine power output. This action stops the power mismatch but leaves a speed error. The document defines regulation or droop as the percentage change in speed that causes a 100% change in power output. It provides diagrams of typical speed governing system block diagrams and steady-state droop characteristics. It explains how adding a speed changer to the governor facilitates controlling frequency to 60Hz regardless of load changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    Unit 1

    GENERAL BACKGROUND AND SPEED


    GOVERNORS
    STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEM
    FUNDAMENTALS OF SPEED GOVERNING

    Fig: Schematic of a mechanical-hydraulic governor for a


    hydro turbine
    NEED FOR SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM

    Governing system is an important control system in


    the power plant as it regulates the turbine speed, power
    and participates in the grid frequency regulation.
    The load on a turbine generating unit does not remain
    constant and can vary as per consumer requirement.

     The mismatch between load and generation results in the


    speed (or frequency) variation.

    When the load varies, the generation also has to vary to


    match it to keep the speed constant. This job is done by the
    governing system.
     Speed which is an indicator of the generation – load mismatch
    is used to increase or decrease the generation.

     The steam flow through the control valve is proportional to the


    valve opening in the operating range. So when valve position
    changes, turbine steam flow changes and turbine power output
    also changes proportionally. Thus governing system changes
    the turbine mechanical power output.

     The rate of speed change is governed by the inertia of the


    entire rotor system. In the grid connected condition, only
    power pumped into the system changes when governing
    system changes the valve opening
    BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM
    REGULATION OR DROOP CHARACTERISTIC
     Whenever there is a mismatch in power, speed changes. the
    governing system senses this speed change and adjusts valve
    opening which in turn changes power output. This action stops
    once the power mismatch is made zero. But the speed error
    remains.
     change in power output for a change in speed is decided by
    the ‘regulation’. If 4 % change in speed causes 100 % change
    in power output, then the regulation is said to be 4 % (or in per
    unit 0.04).
     The regulation can be expressed in the form of power –
    frequency characteristic shown in fig .At 100 % load the
    generation is also 100 %, frequency (or speed) is also 100%.
    When load reduces frequency increases, as generation remains the
    same. When load reduces by 50 %, frequency increases by 2 %, in the
    characteristic shown.

    When load reduces by 100 %, frequency increases by 4 %. In other


    words 4 % rise in frequency should reduce power generation by 100
    %. This 4 % is called ‘droop’ of 4 %. The characteristic is of
    ‘drooping’ type.

    Droop or regulation is an important parameter in the frequency


    regulation. In thermal power plants droop value is generally 4 % or 5
    %.
    RESPONSE OF GOVERNOR WITH OUTPUT FEEDBACK
    STEADY-STATE SPEED CHARACTERISTIC (DROOP)
    CURVE
    The system frequency reaches steady-state at a
    value that causes the sum of the generator output
    MW to be equal to the system load MW.

    With this type of governor, when the system load


    increases, the system frequency decreases and
    visaversa.
    How do we control frequency to 60HZ, no matter
    what the load is?
    STEADY-STATE SPEED CHARACTERISTIC WITH SPEED
    CHANGER
    POWER OUTPUT AS A FUNCTION OF
    FREQUENCY
     How does the addition of the speed changer to the
    governor facilitate the control of frequency?

    The system frequency reaches steady-state at a value


    that causes the sum of the on-line generator output
    MW to be equal to the system load MW.

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