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    Ethics in Research Ethics in Research

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    twinckel mae bienes
    This document discusses ethics in research, including historical issues, ethical principles, and institutional review boards. It outlines key ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and confidentiality. It also discusses principles of ethical research like evaluating risks to subjects, maintaining responsibility, obtaining informed consent, respecting subjects' freedom to withdraw, protecting subjects from harm, and keeping data confidential. Institutional review boards are identified as mechanisms for reviewing proposed research and protecting institutions and researchers.

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    Ethics in Research Ethics in Research

    Uploaded by

    twinckel mae bienes
    26 views25 pages
    This document discusses ethics in research, including historical issues, ethical principles, and institutional review boards. It outlines key ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and confidentiality. It also discusses principles of ethical research like evaluating risks to subjects, maintaining responsibility, obtaining informed consent, respecting subjects' freedom to withdraw, protecting subjects from harm, and keeping data confidential. Institutional review boards are identified as mechanisms for reviewing proposed research and protecting institutions and researchers.

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    ethics

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    This document discusses ethics in research, including historical issues, ethical principles, and institutional review boards. It outlines key ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and confidentiality. It also discusses principles of ethical research like evaluating risks to subjects, maintaining responsibility, obtaining informed consent, respecting subjects' freedom to withdraw, protecting subjects from harm, and keeping data confidential. Institutional review boards are identified as mechanisms for reviewing proposed research and protecting institutions and researchers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views25 pages

    Ethics in Research Ethics in Research

    Uploaded by

    twinckel mae bienes
    This document discusses ethics in research, including historical issues, ethical principles, and institutional review boards. It outlines key ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and confidentiality. It also discusses principles of ethical research like evaluating risks to subjects, maintaining responsibility, obtaining informed consent, respecting subjects' freedom to withdraw, protecting subjects from harm, and keeping data confidential. Institutional review boards are identified as mechanisms for reviewing proposed research and protecting institutions and researchers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Ethics in Research

    Historical
    Historical Context
    Context


    Past
    – German Experimentation
    – Tuskegee Syphilis Study

    Present
    – Cancer Research
    – AIDS (AZT) Research
    Historical
    Historical Context
    Context


    Ethical system designed to prevent
    people from being used as scientific
    guinea pigs

    Contemporary emphasis on the ‘rights’
    of people to take risks to save
    themselves
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation

    Informed Consent
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation

    Informed Consent

    Risk of Harm
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation

    Informed Consent

    Risk of Harm

    Anonymity
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation

    Informed Consent

    Risk of Harm

    Anonymity

    Confidentiality
    Ethical
    Ethical Issues


    Voluntary Participation

    Informed Consent

    Risk of Harm

    Anonymity

    Confidentiality

    Right to Services
    Institutional
    Institutional Review
    Review Boards


    mechanism for reviewing
    proposed research

    mechanism for protecting the
    institution and researcher

    submitting an IRB Proposal
    Professional issues
    • Scientific misconduct as specified and
    regulated by professional organizations
    and groups
    • Peer Review process
    A. Fraudulent activity
    • Presentation or publication of forged,
    falsified, or manipulated data
    B. Research Publication Issues
    • Plagiarism = present substantial
    portions or elements of another's work
    or data as their own
    • Publication Credit = Authorship and
    publication credit for only work
    actually performed
    • Partial Publication = publication of
    several articles based on one large set
    of data

    • Dual Publication = publishing the same


    data and results in more than one
    journal or publication
    C. Financial Conflict of Interest
    • Fiducial interest of investigator
    confounded with production of
    research
    Ethical Principles
    •Principle A:
    In planning a study, the
    investigator has responsibility to
    make a careful evaluation of its
    ethical acceptability.
    •Principle B:
    Determine degree of risk to subject
    (deception, stressful conditions, or
    take medication).

    •Principle C:
    Investigator always retains
    responsibility for ethical practice.
    •Principle D:
    Prior to conducting research, the
    investigator must disclose obligations
    and responsibilities of both subject
    and investigator (influence willingness
    to participate).

    Not for: anonymous surveys or naturalistic


    observation.
    •Principle E:
    If deception is going to be used:
    (1) determine if justified;
    (2) identify alternatives to deception,
    if any;
    (3) ensure participants provided with
    sufficient explanation as
    immediate as possible.
    •Principle F:
    Investigator respects individual's
    freedom to decline at any time during
    course of experiment.
    •Principle G:
    Investigator protects participant from
    physical and mental discomfort, harm,
    and danger that may arise from
    research procedures.
    •Principle H:
    After collection of data, researcher
    provides participant with information
    about the nature of the study
    (debriefing).
    •Principle I:
    If research procedures result in
    undesirable consequences for
    individual participant, investigator
    has responsibility to detect and
    remove or correct these consequences
    (long-term).
    •Principle J:
    Information obtained about research
    participant during the course of an
    investigation is confidential unless
    otherwise agreed upon in advance.
    Keep all data and records from your research investigations for
    at least 5 years. It’s a good idea, depending on the
    investigation and the nature of the data, to keep them forever.

    Any party with a legitimate interest has a right to inspect your


    original data and data analyses (subject to participant
    confidentiality controls):

    journal editors/reviewers; professional review boards;


    other research colleagues

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