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Sewerage System: Submitted To - Submitted by

The document summarizes the key components and patterns of sewerage systems. It describes the different types of sewerage systems including combined, separate, and partially separate. It also outlines the main components such as sewage, sewers, treatment plants, and discusses factors that influence system layouts like topography. Collection patterns like perpendicular, interceptor, radial, and zone are summarized with diagrams. The residential sewerage system layout and section are shown.

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Mishul Gupta
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193 views

Sewerage System: Submitted To - Submitted by

The document summarizes the key components and patterns of sewerage systems. It describes the different types of sewerage systems including combined, separate, and partially separate. It also outlines the main components such as sewage, sewers, treatment plants, and discusses factors that influence system layouts like topography. Collection patterns like perpendicular, interceptor, radial, and zone are summarized with diagrams. The residential sewerage system layout and section are shown.

Uploaded by

Mishul Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEWERAGE

SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO –
A R . V I PA S H A S H A R M A
SUBMITTED BY –
M I S H U L G U P TA
75186008
TH
SEWERAGE SYSTEM
• Sewage – sewer – sewerage
• Sewage: Sewage, or domestic/municipal wastewater, is a type of wastewater that is produced
by a community of people.
• Sewerage: Sewerage is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff using sewers. It
encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm
overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer.
• Sewer: conduit carrying sewage
• Sanitary sewers, storm sewers and combined sewage
• Saintary sewers carry sewage
• residential, commercial and institutional sewage.
• Industrial wastewater.
• Infiltration water and some storm water.
COLLECTION OF SEWAGE

• A system of sewer pipes (sewers) collects sewage and takes it for treatment or disposal. The
system of sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system,
• Where a main sewerage system has not been provided, sewage may be collected from homes
by pipes into septic tanks or cesspits, where it may be treated or collected in vehicles and taken
for treatment or disposal.
• Properly functioning septic tanks require emptying every 2–5 years depending on the load of
the system.
PATTERNS OF COLLECTION
SYSTEM
The patterns of collection system depend upon:

1.topographical and hydrological features of the area.


2.location and methods of treatment and disposal works.
3.type of sewerage system employed
4.Extent of area to be served.

Types of pattern
a. Perpendicular pattern
b. Interceptor pattern
c. Radial Pattern
d. Fan Pattern
e. Zone Pattern
PERPENDICULAR PATTERN
• The shortest possible path is maintained for
the rains carrying storm water and sewage
• It is suitable for separate system and
partially separate system for storm water
drains.
• This pattern is not suitable for combined
system, because treatment plant is required
to be installed at many places; otherwise it
will pollute the water body where the
sewage is discharged.

Perpendicular pattern plan


INTERCEPTOR PATTERN
• Sewers are intercepted with large size sewers
• Interceptor carries sewage to a common point, where it can be disposed off with or without
treatment.
• Overflows should be provided to handle very large flow.

Interceptor pattern plan


RADIAL PATTERN
• It is suitable for land disposal.
• In this pattern sewers are laid radialy
outwards from the centre, hence this pattern
is called as radial pattern.
• The drawback in this pattern is more
number of disposal works are required.

Radial pattern plan


FAN PATTERN
• This pattern is suitable for a city situated at one side of the natural water body, such as river.
• The entire sewage flows to a common point where one treatment plant is located
• In this number of converging main sewers and sub-mains are used forming a fan shape. Single
treatment plant is required in this pattern.
• The drawback in this pattern is that larger diameter sewer is required near to the treatment plant
as entire sewage is collected at a common point.
• In addition, with new development of the city the load on existing treatment plant increases.

Fan pattern plan


ZONE PATTERN
• More numbers of interceptors are provided in this pattern
• This pattern is suitable for sloping area than flat areas.

Zone pattern plan


TYPES OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM
The sewerage system can be of following three types:
• Combined system
• Separate System
• Partially separate system

COMBINED SYSTEM:
• In combined system along with domestic sewage,
the run-off resulting from storms is carried through
the same conduit of sewerage system. In countries
like India where actual rainy days are very few, this
system will face the problem of maintaining self
cleansing velocity in the sewers during dry season,
as the sewage discharge may be far lower as
compared to the design discharge after including
storm water.
Advantages of combined system
• In an area where rainfall is spread throughout a year,
there is no need of flushing of sewers, as self cleansing
velocity will be developed due to more quantity because
of addition of storm water.
• Only one set of pipe will be required for house plumbing.
• In congested areas it is easy to lay only one pipe rather
than two pipes as required in other systems.
Disadvantages of combined system
• Not suitable for the area with small period of rainfall in a
year, because dry weather flow will be small due to
which self cleansing velocity may not develop in sewers,
resulting in silting.
• Large flow is required to be treated at sewage treatment
plant before disposal, hence resulting in higher capital
and operating cost of the treatment plant.
• When pumping is required this system is uneconomical.
• During rains overflowing of sewers will spoil public
hygiene.
SEPARATE SYSTEM:

• In separate system, separate conduits are used;


one carrying sewage and other carrying storm
water run-off. The storm water collected can be
directly discharged into the water body since the
run-off is not as foul as sewage and no treatment
is generally provided. Whereas, the sewage
collected from the city is treated adequately
before it is discharged into the water body or
used for irrigation to meet desired standards.
Separate system is advantageous and
economical for big towns.
Advantages of separate system
• As sewage flows in separate pipe, hence the quantity to be treated
at sewage treatment plant is small, resulting in economy of
treatment.
• This system may be less costly as only sanitary sewage is
transported in closed conduit and storm water can be collected
and conveyed through open drains.
• When pumping is required during disposal, this system is
economical due to less flow.
Disadvantages of separate system
• Self cleansing velocity may not developed at certain locations in
sewers and hence flushing of sewers may be required.
• This system requires laying two sets of pipe, which may be
difficult in congested area.
• This system will require maintenance of two sets of pipelines and
hence maintenance cost is more.
PARTIALLY SEPARATE
SYSTEM:
• In this system part of the storm water
especially collected from roofs and paved
courtyards of the buildings is admitted in the
same drain along with sewage from residences
and institutions, etc. The storm water from the
other places is collected separately using
separate storm water conduits.
Advantages of partially separate system
• Economical and reasonable size sewers are required.
• Work of house plumbing is reduced as rain water from roofs, sullage from bathrooms and kitchen,
etc. are combined with discharge from water closets.
• Flushing of sewers may not be required as small portion of storm water is allowed to enter in
sanitary sewage.
Disadvantages of partially separate system
• Increased cost of pumping as compared to separate system at treatment plants and intermediate
pumping station wherever required.
• In dry weather self-cleansing velocity may not develop in the sewers.
COMPONENTS OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Sewerage system
• Components of WW flow
• Domestic WW flow: It includes WW from residential commercial, small industry and public
facilities.
• Industrial WW: WW in which industrial wastes predominates.
• Infiltration Water: Water that enter the sewer system through leaking joints, cracks and breaks,
or porous walls.
• Rain Water: Runoff resulting from rainfall.
SYSTEM OF LAYOUT
• The system must be drawn to show the location of the pipe and so on. The process involved of :
• Preparing the sewerage layout plan to show the flow of sewerage, position of network, size of pipe and
position of manholes.
• Sewer follow natural drainage ways to minimum excavation and pumping requirement. Large trunk sewers
are usually constructed on low lying areas closely paralleling stream or channels. In general. Pies should
cross contours at night angles.
• Located pipe
• Place for easy connection for future user
• Provide access for maintenance.
• \accomplished by placing them in streets or others right-of-way.
Layout sewerage system in residential area
Section of sewerage system in residential
OUTLINE AND ZONING OF
DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE
SYSTEMS IN THE STUDY
AREA
• In terms of drainage, sewerage and sanitation systems, the
Study Area can be divided into the City Center Area (37 km2)
and the Outskirts Area (451 km2).
• The City Center Area of the Municipality of Phnom Penh
(MPP) is composed of five areas as shown in Figure 9.1. The
City Center Area developed as a series of polders linked to
the natural levee, protected from flooding by artificial ring
dikes. The drainage system in the City Center Area carries
both wastewater and rainwater via a combined sewer network
to drainage channels ending in lakes and marshes that serve
as natural retention basins. Generally, pumping stations drain
wastewater and rainwater to the outside of the dikes.

The Study On The Master Plan Of Greater Phnom Penh Water Supply (Phase 2)
• The Outskirts Area of MPP is composed of
seven areas as shown in Figure 9.1. Drainage
channels drain wastewater and rainwater from
these areas into lakes and marshes or directly
into rivers by gravity flow.

The Study On The Master Plan Of Greater Phnom Penh Water Supply (Phase 2)
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT IN
THE FUTURE
• Considerating the land use plan of BAU, the
preservation of the North and South
Lakes/Marshes in their present condition is
impractical. It is clear that their area and
purification capacity will decrease and
neither will be able to treat wastewater
adequately by natural purification processes.
Deterioration of outflow water quality from
the lakes/marshes is unavoidable without
additional measures. In particular,
deterioration of outflow water quality from
the North Lake/Marsh will cause negative
impacts on the Tonle Sap, which in affects
water quality at the intake of the Phum Prek
Water Treatment Plant. The Study On The Master Plan Of Greater Phnom Penh Water Supply (Phase 2)
• It is recommended to preserve the North and
South Lakes/Marshes as much as possible as
natural wastewater purification ponds. But it is
inevitable to consider measures against water
pollution with additional forms of wastewater
treatment. It is very urgent to study
development of the sewerage system for
Greater Phnom Penh.
The following research works and studies are
necessary to implement planning for a
sewerage/sanitation system along the lines
shown in the figure.
• Study for Target Area of Sewerage/Sanitation
System
• Study for Scale of Sewerage/Sanitation
System
• Study for Wastewater Treatment Method
• Study for Countermeasure for Rainfall Runoff
THANK YOU
REFERENCES
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/4495118/
• https://
www.slideshare.net/RamprasadKumawat1/collection-of-sewage-typescomponents-
layout
• http://
files.dep.state.pa.us/Water/BSDW/OperatorCertification/TrainingModules/ww23_
collection_sys1_wb.pdf
• http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11822681_04.pdf
• https://www.google.com/search?q=collection+system+of+sewage&tbm=isch&ved
=2ahUKEwia59WZ-rPoAhUzK7cAHSdADIgQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=
collection+system+of+sewage&gs_l
=img.3...25942.56949..57235...1.0..0.207.5378.0j26j4......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....1
0..
35i39j0i67j0i131j0j0i5i30j0i24j0i10i24j35i362i39j0i30j0i8i30.n7S4o6LnGzQ&ei

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