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    Bio Fertilizer

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    Ashutosh Singh
    Bacterial biofertilizers include azospirillium, azotobacter, bacillus, pseudomonas, rhizobium, and frankia. These microorganisms have characteristic structures that allow them to fix atmospheric nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus to promote plant growth. For example, azospirillium colonizes plant roots and increases nitrogen fixation, while rhizobium forms symbiotic root nodules with legumes. Bacterial biofertilizers restore soil nutrients and provide a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.

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    Bio Fertilizer

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Singh
    2K views23 pages
    Bacterial biofertilizers include azospirillium, azotobacter, bacillus, pseudomonas, rhizobium, and frankia. These microorganisms have characteristic structures that allow them to fix atmospheric nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus to promote plant growth. For example, azospirillium colonizes plant roots and increases nitrogen fixation, while rhizobium forms symbiotic root nodules with legumes. Bacterial biofertilizers restore soil nutrients and provide a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.

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    Bacterial biofertilizers include azospirillium, azotobacter, bacillus, pseudomonas, rhizobium, and frankia. These microorganisms have characteristic structures that allow them to fix atmospheric nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus to promote plant growth. For example, azospirillium colonizes plant roots and increases nitrogen fixation, while rhizobium forms symbiotic root nodules with legumes. Bacterial biofertilizers restore soil nutrients and provide a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views23 pages

    Bio Fertilizer

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Singh
    Bacterial biofertilizers include azospirillium, azotobacter, bacillus, pseudomonas, rhizobium, and frankia. These microorganisms have characteristic structures that allow them to fix atmospheric nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus to promote plant growth. For example, azospirillium colonizes plant roots and increases nitrogen fixation, while rhizobium forms symbiotic root nodules with legumes. Bacterial biofertilizers restore soil nutrients and provide a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.

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    of 23

    RAJMATA VIJAYARAJE SCINDIA KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA, GWALIOR

    COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE INDORE

    SESSION: 2021-2022

    Class: B.Sc (hons.) Ag 3rd year 1st semester


    Subject: Bio-pesticides and Bio-fertilizers

    Topic: Structure and characteristic features of bacterial biofertilizers-azospirillium,,

    azotobacter, bacillus, pseudomonas, rhizobium and frankia, cynobacterial

    course teacher: dr. Anusuiya panda


    dr. Neelesh raypuriya
    GROUP MEMBERS

    1 ANKIT PARMAR (19120111)


    2 ANSHUL SHARMA (19120112)
    3 ANURAG KUMAR JAITWAR (19120113)
    4 ASHISH BIRLA (19120114)
    5 ASHUTOSH SINGH (19120115)
    6 ASLAM KHAN MANSOORI (19120116)
    7 BALRAM CHANDEL (19120117)
    8 DEEPU PRAJAPATI (19120118)
    9 DESHIE CHOUBEY (19120119)
    10 DEVENDRA (19120120)
    INDEX:

    1 INTRODUCTION
    2 BENEFITS AND TYPES
    3 BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZER
    4 STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF BACTERIAL
    BIOFERTILIZERS
    5 CONCLUSION
    6 REFERENCES
    INTRODUCTION

    • A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant
    surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the
    supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant

    • Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and
    stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances.

    • The microorganisms in biofertilizers restore the soil’s natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter.

    • Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the
    health of the soil.
    BENEFITS FROM USING BIO FERTILIZERS

    •  Increase crop yield by 20-30%.


    • Replace chemical nitrogen and phosphorus by 25%.
    • Stimulate plant growth.
    • Activate the soil biologically.
    • Restore natural soil fertility.
    • Provide protection against drought and some soil borne diseases
    AZOSPIRILLIUM

    Mainly present in cereal plants and


    grasses.
    Inhabit both root cells and
    surrounding of root as well.
    Form symbotic relation(endo-
    symbioant) with plant through which
    nitrogen fixing potential of plant
    increases.
    • Nitrogen is required in the range of 15-30kg/ha in non-
    leguminous plant such as cereals,oilseed,etc.
    • Considerable quantity of nitrogen fertilizer upto 25-30% can be
    saved by adding azospirillium inoculant.
    • It also benefits the host plant by supplying growth hormone and
    vitamins.
    • It has good adaptability to temperature, soil PH and wide host
    range.
    FRANKIA

    • Frankia is the genus of N2 fixing actinomycetes capable of fixing N2.


    • Fix nitrogen as free living bacteria and in plant nodules unlike rhizobium.
    • Form nodules similar to those of rhizobium legume symbiosis.
    • It fixes nitrogen in non-leguminous plants.
    • Frankia can fix n2 at normal o2 concentration at the rate sufficient to support its
    growth.
    • N2 fixation is accompanied by the
    development of terminal swelling
    known as vesicles.
    • Vesicles protects the niteogenase
    enzyme from o2 poisining.
    • Also very important in c cycling.
    RHIZOBIUM
    • Rhizobium definition
    • “Rhizobium is a soil bacteria that fixes atmospheric nitrogen once it finds a base inside the roots of  the
    leguminous plants
    • Rhizobium is the bacteria that live in symbiotic association with the root nodules of the leguminous plants.
    • Fixation of nitrogen cannot be done independently. That is
    why rhizobium requires a plant host.
    • Rhizobium is a vital source of nitrogen to agricultural soils
    including those in arid regions. They convert dinitrogen into
    ammonia.
    • Ammonia, being toxic in nature. Is rapidly absorbed into organic compounds.
    Classification of Rhizobium Bacteria
    Rhizobium can be classified on the basis of the types of the
    plant they are associated with and also the rate of growth.
    Few species of Rhizobium bacteria include:
    •Rhizobium leguminosarum
    •Rhizobium alamii
    •Rhizobium lantis
    •Rhizobium japonicum
    •Rhizobium trifolii
    CYANOBACTERIA
    • They show great diversity in form and shape. Some are spherical; some are rod-shaped, while few of
    them are unicellular or multicellular.
    • They are omnipresent, and occur in all possible kinds of habitats.
    • The pigments found in this group are-chlorophyll a, p-carotene,
    antheraxanthin, aphanicin, aphanizophyll, flavacin, lutein, myxoxanthophyll etc. 
    • The storage products are cyanophycean starch and protein.
    • The flagella are absent.
    • They may be unicellular (e.G., Chroococcus, tetrapedia, gloeocapsa), 
    • Colonial (e.G., Aphanocapsa, nostoc, aphanothece) and 
    • Filamentous (e.G., Oscillatoria).
    • They are found in soil, clean water, and marine environment.
    • Some forms can live symbolically.
    • Some have the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
    CELL STRUCTURE OF
    CYANOBACTERIA :-

    Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes


    with cell envelopes typical for
    Gram-negative bacteria. The cell
    envelope consists of four distinct
    layers, the plasma membrane, the
    peptidoglycan layer, the outer
    membrane and in some cases the
    surface or S-layer. Often, the latter
    three are referred to as the cell
    wall.
    PSEUDOMONAS

    A large group of aerobic, non sporing gram negative bacteria motile by polar flagella

    found I nature water, soil, other moist environments

    some of them are pathogenic to plants


     creation of new genera such as burkholderia. Stenotrophomnonast
    MORPHOLOGY

    They are slender gram negative bacillus, 1.5-3 microbes x


    0.5

    microns monoflgellar?

    Non capsulated but many strains have mucoid slime layer

    isolates from cystic fibrosis patients have abundance of


    extracellular polysaccharides composed of alginate
    polymers

    • escape the defence mechanisms by loose capsule in


    which micro colonies of bacillus are enmeshed and
    protected from host defences.
    AZATOBACTOR

    • Azotobactor is a heterotrophic free living nitrogen fixing


    bacteria present in alkaline and neutral soils.
    • Azotobactor is the most commonly occurring species in
    arable soils of india.
    • Apart from its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soils,
    it can also synthesize growth promoting substances such
    as auxins and gibberellins and also to some extent the
    vitamins.
    •  Many strains of azotobactor also exhibit fungicidal properties against certain
    species of fungus.
    • Response of azotobactor has been seen in rice, maize, cotton, sugarcane, pearl
    millet, vegetable and some plantation crops.
    • It improves seed germination and plant growth.
    • Azotobacter is heaviest breathing organism and requires a large amount of
    organic carbon for its growth.
    BACILLUS 

    • Bacillus is a nitrogen fixation bacteria


    • Non- symbiotic
    • aerobic
    • Rods shaped,
    • This is belong to bacillacea family
    • endospore-forming genus Bacillus is a systematically diverse taxon (Claus and
    Berkeley 1986).
    • The three former Bacillus species,
    Paenibacillus azotofixans,
    Paenibacillus macerans and P.
    polymyxa,
    • were nitrogen fixers, based on
    nitrogenase activity
    • .In the current study, isolates of
    nitrogen-fixing bacilli from plant
    rhizospheres. This report shows that
    nifH gene exists in the both genera
    Bacillus and Paenibacillus.
    CONCLUSION
    • Biofertilizers increase the availability of plant nutrients.

    • Maintenance of the soil fertility over a long period.


    • Some microorganisms have the beneficial role of biological nitrogen fixation to supply nitrogen to crops
    • Solubilizing insoluble phosphates to plant-available (soluble) forms and synthesizing biomass for manuring
    of crops like rice.
    • Biofertilizers are, therefore, economical, renewable and eco-friendly, but they cannot totally replace
    chemical fertilizers.
    • Biofertilizer use is an important component of integrated nutrient management and organic farming.

    • These technologies are becoming vital in modern-day agricultural practices. The changing scenario of
    agricultural practices and environmental hazards associated with chemical fertilizers demand a more
    significant role of biofertilizers in coming years.
    REFERENCE

    • Biological nitrogen fixation and biogas technology 


    • Manures fertilizers & agrochemicals
    • ORGANIC FARMING :: biofertilizers technology (tnau.Ac.In)
    THANK YOU

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