Breeding and Seed Production of Indigenous Magur (Clarias Batrachus)

BREEDING AND SEED
PRODUCTION OF INDIGENOUS
MAGUR (CLARIAS BATRACHUS)
I.J. Singh, Professor

Department of Fishery Biology
College of Fisheries, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar
ATTRIBUTES OF MAGUR
• Prized food-fish, commanding high market demand and price.
• Due to good flesh quality with high protein and iron contents,
less fat and easy digestibility, characteristic aroma and softness
and fewer intra-muscular spines it is most preferred fish by
consumers.
• Due to its air-breathing capability thrives well and grows
satisfactorily even in small derelict water bodies deficient in DO
content.
• Can by cultured with carps.
• Production of 3-4 tonnes / ha / yr easily obtainable in mono-
culture.
• Under intensive culture practice production may range from 20-
25 tonnes/ ha/ year.
• Bottleneck problem for its extensive culture is non-availability
of seed in requisite quantity.
BROODFISH MANAGEMENT
 1st gametic maturity (Puberty) attains in the first year of life-
span.
 Captive rearing of its brood stock @ 4-5 specimens/ m2
(weight: 150-250 g each) attain normal gonadal maturity and
produce quality gametes.
 Feeding is done with fish meal, oil cake (Soya, groundnut or
mustered) and broken rice or rice polish in 1:1.
 Feeding is done @ 8-10% of body weight twice daily
 Feed is to be given after boiling and subsequent cooling.
BROODFISH OF MAGUR
CHARACTERSTICS OF MATURE
BROODFISH
• Males have elongated pinkish colour genital papillae with
free blackish colour tuft.
• Females have bulging soft belly and oval shape pinkish

colour genital papillae without free blackish colour tuft.
• Pink colour intensity of genital papillae serves as an

indicator of readiness of the brood fish for breeding.
INDUCED BREEDING OF MAGUR
 Inducing agents- Pituitary Extract (PE), Ovaprim, Ovatide or
Wova-FH are used for induced breeding
 Females are administered Ovaprim @ 2.0 – 3.0 ml/ kg body

weight (normally 2.5 ml) in single dose, depending on
readiness of brooder and also the environmental conditions
(i.e. cloudyness, rainfall, temperature etc.).
 Normally males are not induced.
 However, less ready males may also be administered Ovaprim

@ 0.5 – 1.0ml/ kg body weight in a single dose.
 Intra-muscular injections are given below dorsal fin-above the

later line.
HORMONAL INDUCEMENT OF
FEMALE BROODER
 Injections of Ovaprim to females and males (if required) are
given at the same time
 Ratio of female and male brooder is kept at 1:1 of

approximately same size.
 After injection to female both male and female are released

in the same breeding tank.
 Process of doing dry fertilization takes place after 24 hrs of

injection of inducing agent ovaprim to female as this much
time is required for final maturation and ovulation.
Preparation of milt suspension
 Being oligospermic, male of this fish does not release milt
by stripping.
 Hence, male has to be sacrificed and testis is dissected out
to prepare testis (milt) suspension in 0.9% cold saline
solution.
 Testis is dissected out and blood-clots are removed by
ringing in saline(0.9% NaCl) solution.
 Testis is cut into pieces directly into saline solution kept in a
mortar.
 Testis pieces are properly macerated with the help of pestle
in mortar.
 The testis (milt)-saline suspension is kept ready before
stripping of female brood fish for collecting eggs.
TESTES OF MALE BROOD FISH
PREPARATION OF MILT-SALINE
SUSPENSION
STRIPPING OF FEMALE BROOD
FISH AND ARTIFICIAL (DRY)
FERTILIZATION
• Stripping is done by gently pressing the belly of fish with the
help of thumb and first three fingers.
• Ovulated mature eggs are collected in dry glass trough.
• Testis (milt)-saline suspension is poured over the eggs.
• Eggs and milt-saline suspension are properly mixed by

intermittently shaking manually for 3-5 minutes.
• During mixing eggs are maintained in single layer to ensure

successful fertilization.
MATURE FEMALE
STRIPPING OF FEMALE BROOD FISH AND
ARTIFICIAL (DRY) FERTILIZATION
WASHING OF FERTILIZED
EGGS
• Washing of fertilized eggs with water is important to
remove stickiness to avoid the clumping of eggs during the
course of incubation in flow trough-hatchery system.
• Clumping of eggs may cause developmental problems due

to decrease in surface area of eggs for dissolved oxygen
uptake from water.
• Washing for 4-5 times is required.
• During washing residual testis tissues are also removed.

WASHING OF FERTILIZED EGGS
INCUBATION OF FERTILIZED
EGGS
• Fertilized eggs are put in FRP-hatching trays with provision
of continuous flow of well oxygenated water and showering.
• Fertilized eggs are spread in single layer in the hatching

tray.
• Regular and optimized flow of water is ensured.
• Showering facilitates water oxygenation as well as change in

the contact surface of fertilized eggs.
Contd……
INCUBATION OF
FERTILIZED EGGS
• Supply of oxygenated water by flow through system and
shower is to be maintained.
• Unfertilized and disintegrating eggs are regularly removed for

maintaining hygiene in incubation troughs.
• Hatching takes place between 22-26 hrs after fertilization.
• Yolk Sac resorpation of hatchlings is completed by 5th day

after hatching.
• Yolk Sac resorbed hatchlings are then transferred to specially

prepared nursery tanks.
HATCHLINGS
NEWLY HATCHED
HATCHLINGS
PREPARATION OF NURSERY TANKS FOR
LARVAL REARING
• Yolk Sac resorbed hatchlings start accepting particulate feed
or natural food (minute zooplankters) by 5th post-hatching
day.
• By this time the nursery tank full of minute zooplankton

needs to be ready for better growth and survival of
hatchlings / fry.
• Nursery tanks having 1-1.5 ft water are fertilized with raw

cow dung and inoculated with zooplankton mass about 15
days before the breeding.
• Stocking of hatchlings is done @ 500/m2.

FRY
LARVAL REARING
 After 15 days of rearing the stocking density of the fry is to
be reduced to 200 fry / m2 and feeding with artificial feed is
started.
 Artificial feed for fry consists of boiled soyacake, fish meal
and broken rice in 1:1:1 ratio with 1% of mineral mix.
 Feeding is done @ 10% in 4-5 times daily by broadcasting
or keeping in small trays under water.
 Some hollow objects like broken pipes, earthen pots are also
kept in the tanks for providing shelter to growing fry.
Contd……
SORTING OF SHOOTING
GROW-OUTS
 Regular monitoring of survival growth and incidence of
shooter fry is done.
 Fries growing exceptionally faster to large size are removed
periodically for better survival of rest of population and then
loss due to cannibalistic tendency of larger ones.
 Incidence of shooter fry can be checked by high stoking
density and feeding frequency.
 After 30 to 45 days rearing and attaining 4-5 cm size
fingerlings are made available to the farmers or stocked in
culture ponds @ 40000-50000 fish / m2.
 As due to low fecundity or poor larval survival 2000-3000
stockable fingerlings can be obtained from the one pair of
brooder of magur.
 For producing sufficient fingerlings for stocking one ha of
pond about 15 to 20 pairs of magur broodstock will be
required.
THANKS

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BREEDING AND SEED

I.J. Singh, Professor

• Females have bulging soft belly and oval shape pinkish

• Pink colour intensity of genital papillae serves as an

 Females are administered Ovaprim @ 2.0 – 3.0 ml/ kg body

 Normally males are not induced.

 However, less ready males may also be administered Ovaprim

 Intra-muscular injections are given below dorsal fin-above the

 Ratio of female and male brooder is kept at 1:1 of

 After injection to female both male and female are released

 Process of doing dry fertilization takes place after 24 hrs of

• Ovulated mature eggs are collected in dry glass trough.

• Testis (milt)-saline suspension is poured over the eggs.

• Eggs and milt-saline suspension are properly mixed by

• During mixing eggs are maintained in single layer to ensure

• Clumping of eggs may cause developmental problems due

• Washing for 4-5 times is required.

• During washing residual testis tissues are also removed.

• Fertilized eggs are spread in single layer in the hatching

• Regular and optimized flow of water is ensured.

• Showering facilitates water oxygenation as well as change in

• Unfertilized and disintegrating eggs are regularly removed for

• Hatching takes place between 22-26 hrs after fertilization.

• Yolk Sac resorpation of hatchlings is completed by 5th day

• Yolk Sac resorbed hatchlings are then transferred to specially

• By this time the nursery tank full of minute zooplankton

• Nursery tanks having 1-1.5 ft water are fertilized with raw

• Stocking of hatchlings is done @ 500/m2.

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