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Site Selection, Planning and Layout of Fish Farm

The document provides guidelines for selecting an optimal fish farm site and laying out the farm facilities. Key considerations for site selection include soil type, water availability, slope, and proximity to water sources and markets. An ideal farm layout includes separate hatchery, nursery, and rearing ponds of specified sizes, depths, and shapes, along with infrastructure for water supply and drainage. Pond embankments should be of appropriate width, height, and slope to retain water effectively.

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635 views

Site Selection, Planning and Layout of Fish Farm

The document provides guidelines for selecting an optimal fish farm site and laying out the farm facilities. Key considerations for site selection include soil type, water availability, slope, and proximity to water sources and markets. An ideal farm layout includes separate hatchery, nursery, and rearing ponds of specified sizes, depths, and shapes, along with infrastructure for water supply and drainage. Pond embankments should be of appropriate width, height, and slope to retain water effectively.

Uploaded by

joshigauta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Site selection, planning and

layout of fish farm

Prof. R. S. CHAUHAN
(Former Director Fisheries, Uttarakhand)
Department of Aquaculture
College of Fisheries
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology
Pantnagar-263 149, Uttaranchal
Important considerations
Site should be non rocky having 2-2.5m
deep soil.

The site should have good quality, water


retentive soil

Slope of terrain should be gently sloping


so that drainable ponds can be excavated.
It should have an adequate water supply.

Soil fraction should be 90% of the whole


soil whereas stones and gravel should not
exceed 10%

Sub soil water table should not be far below


from the deepest part of the ponds.

The site should be approachable.


There should be an outlet for the sale of
farm produce nearby the site

The nearby population should not object the


production and consumption of fish.

Manpower and general farm implements


should be available locally.
The important points regarding selection of site
and necessary preconditions are as follows:

1. Topography
2. Soil
3. Water
4. Water source
Optimum requirements of a normal
freshwater fish farm site

Sl.No. Parameter Requirement

1. Nature of terrain Non-rocky with at least


2m deep soil.

2. Slope of the Land should be level or


terrain gently sloping.
Sl.No. Parameter Requirement
3. Physical quality Soil fraction should be about 90%
of soil of the whole soil; stones and gravel
not exceeding 10%; water retentive;
heavy clay or clayey loam is good.
4. Chemical pH- near neutral (6.5-7.5)
quality of soil Available nitrogen: 25-50 mg/100g
soil. Available Phosphorus: 3-6
mg/100 g soil Organic carbon-
about 1.5%
Responsive to organic and
inorganic fertilizers
5. Rate of fall in Should be less than 1 m per annum
water level in
ponds
Sl. No. Parameter Requirement

6. Water table Underground water table should


neither be far below the pond
bottom nor very close to it.

7. Water source A dependable source of water


supply should be available nearby
to fulfill the water requirements of
ponds at any time.
Sl.No Parameter Requirement
.
8. Water quality Non-polluted; responsive to organic
and inorganic fertilizers.
pH- 7.0 to 8.5 before daybreak.
Temperature: 20-30° C
Dissolved oxygen: 5-7 mg/l,
Carbon dioxide: 5-10 mg/l,
Nitrate-Nitrogen: 0.2-0.5 mg/l,
Phosphate-Phosphorus: 0.1-0.2 mg/l
Total alkalinity>50mg/l

9. Biological Average plankton production per cubic


productivity meter water should be 10-20 ml.
Layout of fish farm

 Size of fish farm.


 Division of farm area.
 Water supply system.
 Shape, size and depth of pond.
 Embankment, bottom, inlet and outlet
drain.
Size of Fish farm

Depends on---
Production target
Marketing possibilities
Manpower availability
Resources available
Division of farm area
Essential components include---

 Hatchery proper
1. Spawning tank
2. Hatching tank
3. Nurseries
4. Rearing unit

 Offices
 Stores etc..
Water supply system
Quality and quantity supply of water.

Individual water supply


Shape, size and depth of pond
Ideal shape
 Rectangular
 Length : breadth in proportion of 3:1 or 3:2

Direction
 East to west
Optimum size, depth and slope of
pond
Type of Size Depth (m) Slope of
pond (hectare) dyke

Nursery 0.6-0.10 1.00-1.25 1:1


pond

Rearing 0.10-0.20 1.25-1.50 1:1.5


pond

Stock pond 0.50-1.00 1.50-2.00 1:2

Brood pond 0.20-0.40 1.50-2.00 1:2


Embankment, bottom, inlet and outlet drain

The general principles qualities of good dyke are


solidity and tightness.

In principle, the width of dyke should be at the


top should be equal to its height but should
never be less than 1m

The top of bundh should be at least 30cm above


the water surface (free board) and 50cm in large
ponds
The slope of the outside angle of pond
should be1:1 to 1:1.5 and on the inside 1:2

Pond bottom should be sloping from one


to other.

Monk is used for drainage

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