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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes

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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres connected by Carbon Nanotubes The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of an electrochemical glucose biosensor made of platinum nanospheres connected by carbon nanotubes. It describes a 4-step fabrication process: 1) creating a porous alumina template, 2) growing carbon nanotubes inside the template, 3) forming platinum nanospheres, and 4) immobilizing glucose oxidase enzyme. Testing showed the biosensor has high sensitivity, enhanced mass transport, and can detect glucose levels down to 380 nM with a response time of 8 seconds. The interconnection of platinum nanospheres via carbon nanotubes provides improved

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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes

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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres connected by Carbon Nanotubes The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of an electrochemical glucose biosensor made of platinum nanospheres connected by carbon nanotubes. It describes a 4-step fabrication process: 1) creating a porous alumina template, 2) growing carbon nanotubes inside the template, 3) forming platinum nanospheres, and 4) immobilizing glucose oxidase enzyme. Testing showed the biosensor has high sensitivity, enhanced mass transport, and can detect glucose levels down to 380 nM with a response time of 8 seconds. The interconnection of platinum nanospheres via carbon nanotubes provides improved

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    Final Biosensor

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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres connected by Carbon Nanotubes The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of an electrochemical glucose biosensor made of platinum nanospheres connected by carbon nanotubes. It describes a 4-step fabrication process: 1) creating a porous alumina template, 2) growing carbon nanotubes inside the template, 3) forming platinum nanospheres, and 4) immobilizing glucose oxidase enzyme. Testing showed the biosensor has high sensitivity, enhanced mass transport, and can detect glucose levels down to 380 nM with a response time of 8 seconds. The interconnection of platinum nanospheres via carbon nanotubes provides improved

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    41 views25 pages

    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes

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    kapilbhosale
    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of Platinum Nanospheres connected by Carbon Nanotubes The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of an electrochemical glucose biosensor made of platinum nanospheres connected by carbon nanotubes. It describes a 4-step fabrication process: 1) creating a porous alumina template, 2) growing carbon nanotubes inside the template, 3) forming platinum nanospheres, and 4) immobilizing glucose oxidase enzyme. Testing showed the biosensor has high sensitivity, enhanced mass transport, and can detect glucose levels down to 380 nM with a response time of 8 seconds. The interconnection of platinum nanospheres via carbon nanotubes provides improved

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    Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor of

    Platinum Nanospheres connected by Carbon


    Nanotubes
    by
    Kapil Bhosale
    Niraj Ghom
    May 4, 2011
    Cleveland State University

    EEC 693: Course Presentation


    Biosensor
    Instructor: Dr. Siu Tung Yau
    Presentation Outline:
     Introduction
     What is Biosensor
     What is Glucose Biosensor
     Characteristics of Biosensor
     Types of Biosensor
     Application of Biosensor
     Need of Glucose Biosensor
     Fabrication method of Glucose Biosensor
     Results
     Fluorescence Microscopy
     Hydrogen Peroxide sensing
     Glucose Sensing
     Conclusion
     References
    What is Biosensor

    • A biosensor is an analytical
    device which converts a
    biological response into an
    electrical signal.
    • It detects, record and transmit
    the information regarding
    physiological change or
    process.
    • It determines the presence and
    concentration of a specific
    substance in any test solution.
    What is Glucose Biosensor

    • Glucose reacts with


    glucoseoxidase (GOx) to form
    gluconicacid. Two electrons &
    two protons are also produced.‡
    • Glucose mediator reacts with
    surrounding oxygen to form
    H2O2 and GOx.‡
    • Now this GOx can reacts with
    more glucose.
    • ‡Higher the glucose content,
    higher the oxygen
    consumption.‡
    • Glucose content can be detected
    by Pt-electrode.
    Characteristics of Biosensor

    • LINEARITY: Maximum linear value of the sensor calibration curve.


    Linearity of the sensor must be high for the detection of high
    substrate concentration.
    • SENSITIVITY: The value of the electrode response per substrate
    concentration.
    • SELECTIVITY: Interference of chemicals must be minimized for
    obtaining the correct result.
    • RESPONSE TIME: The necessary time for having 95% of the
    response.
    Types of Biosensor
    • Piezo-Electric Biosensors
    • Electrochemical Biosensors
    • Optical Biosensors
    • Photometric Biosensors
    • Thermal Biosensors
    ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR PRINCIPLE:
    Many chemical reactions produce or consume ions or electrons
    which in turn cause some change in the electrical properties of the
    solution which can be sensed out and used as measuring parameter.
    CLASSIFICATION
    (1) Amperometric biosensor
      (2)Conductimetric biosensor 
    (3) Potentiometric biosensor
    Application of Biosensor

    • In Food industries for Food Analysis


    • Study of biomolecules and their interaction
    • Drug Development, discovery and evaluation of biological activity
    of new compounds.
    • Crime detection
    • Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
    • Environmental field monitoring
    • Quality control
    • Industrial Process Control
    • Detection systems for biological warfare agents
    • Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs
    • Analytical measurement of folic acid, biotin,vitamin B12 and
    pantothenic acid.
    Why Glucose Biosensors are Important?

    Glucose biosensors are:


    • Important tools in food safety, diagnostics, medical monitors, and
    detection systems for biological warfare agents.
    • Important devices offering analytical simplicity both in and outside
    the analytical laboratory.
    • Selective, rapid and sensitive instruments for determination of
    chemical and biochemical targets
    • Important to improve the prognosis of diabetes and critically ill
    patients
    • Glucose monitoring technologies to maintain healthy lifestyle and
    prevent diabetes related complications. Ex: premature death, kidney
    failure, blindness.
    • It is of importance in the food industry for quality control purposes,
    in fermentation and, most importantly, as a clinical indicator of
    diabetes.
    Fabrication Method:

    • Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template

    • Step 2: CNT growth inside PAA

    • Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere

    • Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor


    Contd...
    Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template:
    • Substrate: wafer
    • Stacking thin metal film of Ti, Al, Fe
    • Anodization Process
    • Formation of semi-order pores up to Ti layer
    Contd..

    Step 2: Carbon Nano Tube growth inside PAA:


    • Synthesized by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
    (MPCVD)
    • Each pores contains CNT which is 3-10 in length and 1-3 nm in
    diameter
    Contd..
    Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere:
    • By Electrochemical Process
    • 3 Electrodes:
    • CNT/PAA–Working Electrode
    • Platinum Gauze–Auxiliary Electrode
    • –Reference Electrode
    Contd..
    • Partially fills the pores in PAA
    • Electrical contact between CNT and Ti layer
    • Pt wires forms Pt Nanosphere of 200 nm in diameter
    Contd..
    • Verification of the creation of Platinum Nanosphere
    Contd..
    Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor:

    • Enzyme: Glucose oxidase

    • Immobilized via a cross-linking matrix of Bovine Serum Albumin


    (BSA) and Gultaraldehyde

    • Role of BSA: To block excess aldehyde sites and to aid in maximizing


    enzyme activity
    Results:
    • To test working of , Electrochemical process is used.

    • In this process amperometric and glucose biosensing is carried


    out.

    • Enzymatic Reaction:
    Contd..
    • To demonstrate the biofunctionalization capability of CNT/PAA
    following results are acquired:

    • Fluorescence Microscopy

    • Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

    • Glucose Sensing
    Contd..

    Fluorescence Microscopy:
    • Used to analyze CNT protein adsorption

    • Intensity is five times higher

    • Produces adequate quantity of defect sites


    Contd..
    Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing:
    • Electroactive nature of CNT/Pt Nanosphere biosensor

    • Why is sensitivity important in Biosensors?

    • Produces high sensitivity


    Contd..
    Glucose Sensing:

    • High Micromolar Sensitivity upto

    • Less Response time of 8 sec

    • Lower Glucose detection limit of 380 nM

    • Signal to Noise ratio of 3

    • Linear Sensing region is from to


    Contd..
    Conclusion:
    • High Sensitivity

    • Enhanced Mass Transport

    • Improved catalysis as redox transducer

    • Low Glucose detection limit

    • Low signal to noise ratio


    Contd..
    References:

    [1] Jonathan C. Claussen, M.S., Sungwon S. Kim, Ph.D., Aeraj ul


    Haque, M.S., Mayra S. Artiles, B.S., D. Marshall Porterfield, Ph.D.
    and Timothy S. Fisher, Ph.D., “ Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor
    of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes” March
    2010, Diabetes Technology Society.
    [2] Claussen, Jonathan C.; Franklin, Aaron D.; Haque, Aeraj U.;
    Porterfield, D M.; and Fisher, Timothy, “Electrochemical Biosensor
    of Nanocube-Augmented Carbon Nanotube Networks” 2009, ACS
    Nano.
    [3] H. J. Wang, C. M. Zhou, F. Peng, H. Yu, “Glucose Biosensor Based
    on Platinum Nanoparticles supported Sulfonated-carbon nanotubes
    modified glassy carbon electrode”, International Journal of
    Electrochemical Science, vol. 2, 2007, pp. 508-516.
    Thank You
    &
    Questions!!!!

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