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    Trasformer

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    surya
    The document discusses transformers, including their principle of operation through mutual induction, classification based on windings and phases, and sources of losses including copper, eddy current, hysteresis, and leakage flux losses. Transformer efficiency is calculated as power output over power input and is typically between 90-99%.

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    Trasformer

    Uploaded by

    surya
    37 views8 pages
    The document discusses transformers, including their principle of operation through mutual induction, classification based on windings and phases, and sources of losses including copper, eddy current, hysteresis, and leakage flux losses. Transformer efficiency is calculated as power output over power input and is typically between 90-99%.

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    The document discusses transformers, including their principle of operation through mutual induction, classification based on windings and phases, and sources of losses including copper, eddy current, hysteresis, and leakage flux losses. Transformer efficiency is calculated as power output over power input and is typically between 90-99%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    37 views8 pages

    Trasformer

    Uploaded by

    surya
    The document discusses transformers, including their principle of operation through mutual induction, classification based on windings and phases, and sources of losses including copper, eddy current, hysteresis, and leakage flux losses. Transformer efficiency is calculated as power output over power input and is typically between 90-99%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    transformers

    Transformer
    An A.C. device used to change high voltage low current A.C. into low
    voltage high current A.C. and vice-versa without changing the frequency

    In brief,

    1. Transfers electric power from one circuit to another


    2. It does so without a change of frequency
    3. It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction
    4. Where the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each
    other.
    Principle of operation

    It is based on principle of MUTUAL INDUCTION. According to


    which an e.m.f. is induced in a coil when current in the neighbouring
    coil changes.
    Working of a transformer
    1. When current in the primary coil changes being alternating in nature, a
    changing magnetic field is produced
    2. This changing magnetic field gets associated with the secondary through
    the soft iron core
    3. Hence magnetic flux linked with the secondary coil changes.
    4. Which induces e.m.f. in the secondary.
    Transformer Classification
    – In terms of number of windings
    • Conventional transformer: two windings
    • Autotransformer: one winding
    • Others: more than two windings

    – In terms of number of phases


    • Single-phase transformer
    • Three-phase transformer

    – Depending on the voltage level at which the winding is operated


    • Step-up transformer: primary winding is a low voltage (LV) winding
    • Step-down transformer : primary winding is a high voltage (HV) winding
    Contd…,
    The losses that occur in transformers have to be accounted for in any
    accurate model of transformer behavior.
    1. Copper (I2R) losses.
    • Copper losses are the resistive heating losses in the primary and
    secondary windings of the transformer. They are proportional to
    the squareof the current in the windings.

    2. Eddy current losses.


    • Eddy current losses are resistive heating losses in the core of the
    transformer. They are proportional to the square of the voltage
    applied to the transformer.
    Contd…,
    3. Hysteresis losses.
    Hysteresis losses are associated with the rearrangement of the
    magnetic domains in the core during each half-cycle. They are a
    complex, nonlinear function of the voltage applied to the transformer.

    4. Leakage flux.
    The fluxes which escape the core and pass through only one
    of the transformer windings are leakage fluxes. These escaped fluxes
    produce a self-inductance in the primary and secondary coils, and the
    effects of this inductance must be accounted for.
    Transformer Efficiency
    Power Output
    
    Power Input
    Power Input  Losses

    Power Input
    Losses
    1
    Power Input
    Pcopper loss  Pcore loss
    1
    Pcopper loss  Pcore loss  V s I s cos 

    Usually the efficiency for a power transformer is between 0.9 to


    0.99. The higher the rating of a transformer, the greater is its
    efficiency.

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