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    Formation of Heavy Elements

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    Marie Maraniag
    1) Stars form heavier elements through nuclear fusion reactions, including the proton-proton chain and CNO cycle in main sequence stars and the triple-alpha process and alpha ladder in red giants. 2) When stars over 8-15 solar masses reach iron in their cores, fusion stops releasing energy and the stars explode as supernovae. 3) Supernova explosions produce very heavy elements through rapid (r-process) and slow (s-process) neutron capture in red giants.

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    Formation of Heavy Elements

    Uploaded by

    Marie Maraniag
    39 views18 pages
    1) Stars form heavier elements through nuclear fusion reactions, including the proton-proton chain and CNO cycle in main sequence stars and the triple-alpha process and alpha ladder in red giants. 2) When stars over 8-15 solar masses reach iron in their cores, fusion stops releasing energy and the stars explode as supernovae. 3) Supernova explosions produce very heavy elements through rapid (r-process) and slow (s-process) neutron capture in red giants.

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    1) Stars form heavier elements through nuclear fusion reactions, including the proton-proton chain and CNO cycle in main sequence stars and the triple-alpha process and alpha ladder in red giants. 2) When stars over 8-15 solar masses reach iron in their cores, fusion stops releasing energy and the stars explode as supernovae. 3) Supernova explosions produce very heavy elements through rapid (r-process) and slow (s-process) neutron capture in red giants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views18 pages

    Formation of Heavy Elements

    Uploaded by

    Marie Maraniag
    1) Stars form heavier elements through nuclear fusion reactions, including the proton-proton chain and CNO cycle in main sequence stars and the triple-alpha process and alpha ladder in red giants. 2) When stars over 8-15 solar masses reach iron in their cores, fusion stops releasing energy and the stars explode as supernovae. 3) Supernova explosions produce very heavy elements through rapid (r-process) and slow (s-process) neutron capture in red giants.

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    Formation of Heavy

    Elements

    Prepared by: June Dexter Martinez


    Concept Notes
    • Fission – is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei
    • Fusion – combination of light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
    • Stellar nucleosynthesis – Fusion Resulted in the formation of nuclei
    of new elements.
    • Proton-Proton Chain Reaction -  sets of fusion reactions by
    which stars convert hydrogen to helium.
    • Triple alpha process nucleosynthesis - a set of nuclear fusion
    reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alphaparticles) are
    transformed into carbon.
    • Alpha ladder -  nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert
    helium into heavier elements
    Concept Notes
    • CNO cycle -  (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen) is one of the two known
    sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium,
    the other being the proton–proton chain reaction.
    • Red giant - A red giant star is a dying star in the last stages of stellar
    evolution. 
    • Supernova explosion -astronomical event that occurs during the
    last stellar evolutionary stages of a massive star's life, whose
    dramatic and catastrophic destruction is marked by one final
    titanic explosion.
    • R-process - A process why heavy elements are synthesize involving
    rapid neutron capture in red giants.
    • S-process - A process why heavy elements are synthesize involving
    slow neutron capture in red giants.
    Main-Sequence
    Stars
    Proton-proton Chain Reaction
    Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen Cycle
    *At least 15 M K
    Proton-proton Chain Reaction
    Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen Cycle
    p+ n Next step:
    12
    C 6 6 Add a proton
    13
    N 7 6 Convert a proton
    13
    C 6 7 Add a proton
    14
    N 7 7 Add a proton
    15
    O 8 7 Convert a proton
    15
    N 7 8 Add a proton
    12
    C 6 6
    4
    He 2 2
    Red Giant /
    Supergiant Stars
    Triple-alpha Process
    Alpha Ladder
    *At least 100M K
    Triple Alpha Process
    Alpha Ladder
    • exothermic process (exo- : "outside")
    describes a process or reaction that
    releases energy from the system to its
    surroundings
    • endothermic process describes a process or
    reaction in which the system
    absorbs energy from its surroundings;
    usually, but not always, in the form of heat. 
    •once iron is reached, fusion is halted
    since iron is so tightly bound that no
    energy can be extracted by fusion. It
    absorbs energy in the process and the
    core temperature drops.
    Supernova
    Explosion
    r-process
    s-process
    r-process
    A process why heavy
    elements are
    synthesize involving rapid
    neutron
    capture in red giants.
    s-process
    A process why heavy
    elements are
    synthesize involving slow
    neutron
    capture in red giants.
    Elements up to the weight of Elements heavier than iron are
    iron are manufactured in stars. formed when a supernova
    explodes.

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