Scribd
Upload
39 views

Correlational Studies

Correlational studies examine the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating the variables. There are three types of variables: controlled, independent, and dependent. Common correlational study designs include naturalistic observation, surveys, and archival research. Correlational studies can show the strength and direction of relationships but do not prove causation. The basic steps in a correlational study are to select a problem, sample participants, and choose instruments to collect data. Results are typically presented with descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. Advantages include collecting large datasets while disadvantages are an inability to determine causation.

Uploaded by

Lyn Abuda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Correlational Studies

Correlational studies examine the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating the variables. There are three types of variables: controlled, independent, and dependent. Common correlational study designs include naturalistic observation, surveys, and archival research. Correlational studies can show the strength and direction of relationships but do not prove causation. The basic steps in a correlational study are to select a problem, sample participants, and choose instruments to collect data. Results are typically presented with descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. Advantages include collecting large datasets while disadvantages are an inability to determine causation.

Uploaded by

Lyn Abuda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

CORRELATIONA

CORRELATIONAL
STUDIES
- Sometimes called
Associational Research
-nonexperimental research
-relationship between two
variables
-Characteristics, number or quantity
3 Kinds of Variables
• Controlled Variables- kept in
constant

• Independent Variables- factors that


you can change

• Dependent Variables- response to


an independent variable
-a researcher is interested in

• Extraneous Variables- are not of


interest to the study
TYPES OF
CORRELATIONAL
 Naturalistic Observation
- observing and recording
STUDIES
- No interfering or iinteracting

ADVANTAGES
• Opportunity to view the variable
• Offer ideas
• Only option if lab experimentation is not
possible

DISADVANTAGES
• Time-consuming
• Expensive
• Doesn’t allow for scientific control of variables
• Subjects may be aware of the observer
 Survey Research
- Gathering information from a random
selection of subjects

ADVANTAGES
• Fast, cheap and easy
• More flexible

DISADVANTAGES
• Can be affected by poor survey
questions
• Participants can affect the outcome
 Archival Research
-Analyzing data that has been previously been connected by
others.
ADVANTAGES
• Can’t introduce changes in participant behavior
• Enormous amounts of data a better view of trends
• Often less expensive other than study methods

DISADVANTAGES
• No control on how data was collected
• Important dates may be missing from the
records
• Previous research may be unreliable
TYPES OF CORRELATIONS

Positive Correlation
-both variables increase or decrease at
the same time

Negative Correlation
-as the amount of one variables
increases, the other decreases (vice
versa)

No Correlation
-no relationship between the two
variables
Basic Steps in Correlational STUDY

I. Problem Selection
II. Sample
III. Instrument
Presentation of Results in a Research Report

o Introduction – APA style


o Method – uses APA referencing style to cite your sources
o Participants – general description of the group of
participants
o Materials – materials you may use
o Procedure – describe your methods of data collection
o Results – present your correlation statistic
ADVANTAGES OF CORRELATIONAL STUDY
Collect much more data than experiments
Determine the strength and direction of a relationship
Large amounts of data can be collected often though
archived data or surveys, creating a large sample size
DISADVANTAGES OF CORRELATIONAL STUDIES

Don’t help to establish causation


Correlational relationships are mostly easily examined if the relational
is linear
Doesn’t allow the researcher to go beyond the data that is given and
inferences should not be made
Won’t tell us which variable caused the other
Only uncovers a relationship

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy