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    Sampling and Digital Audio Concepts

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    The document discusses concepts related to sampling and digital audio. It defines sampling as measuring the instantaneous values of a continuous-time signal in a discrete form. Samples represent pieces of data taken from a whole continuous signal. For a signal to be digitized, it must be discretized in time through sampling. The document also discusses sampling rate, Nyquist rate, how sampling rate affects file size, and what digital audio is.

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    Sampling and Digital Audio Concepts

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    inam
    32 views8 pages
    The document discusses concepts related to sampling and digital audio. It defines sampling as measuring the instantaneous values of a continuous-time signal in a discrete form. Samples represent pieces of data taken from a whole continuous signal. For a signal to be digitized, it must be discretized in time through sampling. The document also discusses sampling rate, Nyquist rate, how sampling rate affects file size, and what digital audio is.

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    The document discusses concepts related to sampling and digital audio. It defines sampling as measuring the instantaneous values of a continuous-time signal in a discrete form. Samples represent pieces of data taken from a whole continuous signal. For a signal to be digitized, it must be discretized in time through sampling. The document also discusses sampling rate, Nyquist rate, how sampling rate affects file size, and what digital audio is.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views8 pages

    Sampling and Digital Audio Concepts

    Uploaded by

    inam
    The document discusses concepts related to sampling and digital audio. It defines sampling as measuring the instantaneous values of a continuous-time signal in a discrete form. Samples represent pieces of data taken from a whole continuous signal. For a signal to be digitized, it must be discretized in time through sampling. The document also discusses sampling rate, Nyquist rate, how sampling rate affects file size, and what digital audio is.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Sampling and digital audio concepts

    • CANDIDATES NAME:- CANDIDATES Roll nos:-


    • INAM-UL-HAQ CSE-18-30
    • KAISAR ARSHID CSE-18-17
    • SYED SAHIL QAZMI CSE-18-01
    • ZUHAIB NAZIR CSE-18-29
    INTRODUCTION
    • Sampling is defined as, “The process of measuring the instantaneous
    values of continuous-time signal in a discrete form.”

    • Sample is a piece of data taken from the whole data which is


    continuous in the time domain.

    • When a source generates an analog signal and if that has to be


    digitized, having 1s and 0s i.e., High or Low, the signal has to be
    discretized in time. This discretization of analog signal is called as
    Sampling.
    DIGITIZATION OF SAMPLE
    • The following figure indicates a
    continuous-time signal x t and a
    sampled signal xs t. When x t is
    multiplied by a periodic impulse
    train, the sampled signal xs t is
    obtained.
    Sampling Rate
    • To discretize the signals, the gap between the samples should be fixed. That gap can be
    termed as a sampling period Ts.
    • SamplingFrequency=1Ts=fs
    • Where,
    • Ts is the sampling time
    • fs is the sampling frequency or the sampling rate
    • Sampling frequency is the reciprocal of the sampling period. This sampling frequency, can be
    simply called as Sampling rate. The sampling rate denotes the number of samples taken per
    second, or for a finite set of values.
    • For an analog signal to be reconstructed from the digitized signal, the sampling rate should be
    highly considered. The rate of sampling should be such that the data in the message signal
    should neither be lost nor it should get over-lapped. Hence, a rate was fixed for this, called as
    Nyquist rate.
    Nyquist Rate
    • Suppose that a signal is band-limited with no frequency components higher
    than W Hertz. That means, W is the highest frequency. For such a signal, for
    effective reproduction of the original signal, the sampling rate should be
    twice the highest frequency.
    • Which means,
    • fS=2W
    • Where,
    • fS is the sampling rate
    • W is the highest frequency
    • This rate of sampling is called as Nyquist rate.
    SAMPLING RATE EFFECT THE FIE SIZE
    • High sampling rate means large file size
    • low sampling rate mens low file size
    • high sampling rate means high quality of file
    DIGITAL AUDIO
    • Digital audio is a technology that is used to record, store, manipulate,
    generate and reproduce sound using audio signals that have been encoded in
    digital form.
    • It also refers to the sequence of discreet samples that are taken from an
    analog audio waveform. Instead of a continuous sinusoidal wave, digital
    audio is composed of discreet points which represent the amplitude of the
    waveform approximately.
    • The more samples taken, the better the representation, and hence impacts
    the quality of the digital audio. Most modern multimedia devices can only
    process digital audio, and in the case of cellphones requiring analog audio
    input, they still convert it to digital before transmission.
    • To create a digital audio from an analog audio source, tens of thousands of samples are
    taken per second to ensure the replication of the waveform, with each sample
    representing the intensity of the waveform in that instant.

    • The samples are stored in binary form same as any digital data, regardless of the type. The
    samples which are merged into a single data file must be formatted correctly in order for it
    to be played on a digital player with the most common digital audio format being MP3.

    • Apart from the sampling frequency, another parameter in digital encoding is the number
    of bits used when taking samples. The common sampling parameter used is 16 bit samples
    taken over a spectrum of 44.1 thousand cycles per second or 44.1 Kilo Hertz (kHz). CD
    quality digital audio therefore requires 1.4 million bits of data per second.

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