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Air Frame & Aircraft System 2 1

The document summarizes the key components of a basic aircraft electrical system, including the alternator/generator, battery, switches, fuses, and wiring. It describes how light aircraft typically have a single electrical system powered by an engine-driven alternator, with the battery providing emergency backup power. Critical systems like the landing gear, flaps, and instruments are electrically operated. Fuses and circuit breakers are used to protect the electrical system from overloads or short circuits. Malfunctions must be carefully investigated and the fault removed before resetting any tripped circuit breakers.

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Alpha Delta
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56 views16 pages

Air Frame & Aircraft System 2 1

The document summarizes the key components of a basic aircraft electrical system, including the alternator/generator, battery, switches, fuses, and wiring. It describes how light aircraft typically have a single electrical system powered by an engine-driven alternator, with the battery providing emergency backup power. Critical systems like the landing gear, flaps, and instruments are electrically operated. Fuses and circuit breakers are used to protect the electrical system from overloads or short circuits. Malfunctions must be carefully investigated and the fault removed before resetting any tripped circuit breakers.

Uploaded by

Alpha Delta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Airplane Electrical System

Retractable landing gear


Fundamental of electricity
flap , leading edge &
Operation of airplane spoilers
electrical power system
unit Fuses and circuit breakers
Construction features of Malfunctions & remedial
simple airplane hydraulic actions
systems
Electrically operated flight
instruments
Fundamental of electricity
Electrical System
Most aircraft are equipped with either a 14- or a 28-volt direct current
electrical system. A basic aircraft electrical system consists of the following
components:
• Alternator/generator
• Battery
• Master/battery switch
• Alternator/generator switch
• Bus bar, fuses, and circuit breakers
• Voltage regulator
• Ammeter/loadmeter
• Associated electrical wiring
Operation of airplane
electrical power system unit
Light aircraft typically have a relatively simple electrical system
because simple aircraft generally require less redundancy and less
complexity than larger transport category aircraft. On most light
aircraft, there is only one electrical system powered by the engine-
driven alternator or generator. The aircraft battery is used for
emergency power and engine starting. Electrical power is typically
distributed through one or more common points known as an
electrical bus (or bus bar). There are two ways to protect electrical
systems from faults: mechanically and electrically. Mechanically,
wires and components are protected from abrasion and excess wear
through proper installation and by adding protective covers and
shields. Electrically, wires can be protected using circuit breakers
and fuses. The circuit breakers protect each system in the event of a
short circuit. It should be noted that fuses
Operation of airplane
electrical power system unit
The aircraft battery and battery circuit is used to supply power for engine
starting and to provide a secondary power supply in the event of alternator
(or generator) failure. A schematic of a typical battery circuit is shown in This
diagram shows the relationship of the starter and external power circuits that
are discussed later in this chapter. The bold lines found on the diagram
represent large wire (see the wire leaving the battery positive connection),
which is used in the battery circuit due to the heavy current provided through
these wires. Because batteries can supply large current flows, a battery is
typically connected to the system through an electrical solenoid. At the
start/end of each flight, the battery is connected/disconnected from the
electrical distribution bus through the solenoid contacts. A battery master
switch on the flight deck is used to control the solenoid
Operation of airplane
electrical power system unit
Electrically operated flight instruments
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Landing Gear

These airplanes typically employ a hydraulic system to move the gear. After takeoff,
the pilot moves the gear position switch to the retract position, starting an electric
motor. The motor operates a hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic system moves the
landing gear. To ensure correct operation of the system, the landing gear electrical
system is relatively complex. The electrical system must detect the position of each
gear (right, left, nose) and determine when each reaches full up or down; the motor
is then controlled accordingly. There are safety systems to help prevent accidental
actuation of the gear. A series of limit switches are needed to monitor the position
of each gear during the operation of the system. (A limit switch is simply a spring-
loaded, momentary contact switch that is activated when a gear reaches it limit of
travel.) Typically, there are six limit switches located in the landing gear wheel wells.
The three up-limit switches are used to detect when the gear reaches the full retract
(UP) position. Three down-limit switches are used to detect when the gear
reach the full extended (DOWN) position. Each of these switches is mechanically
activated by a component of the landing gear assembly when the appropriate gear
reaches a given limit.
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Flap,Leading edge and Spoiler

Under normal operations, the flaps and slats are operated by a single flap selector
lever to the right of the thrust levers. Moving the flap lever to one of the flap
detent's sends signals to 3 Power Drive Unit (PDU’s), which in turn move the flaps
and slats. One PDU drives the inboard leading edge slats. Another drives the 5
outboard slat sections. A third drives the trailing edge flaps. Power to all is
supplied from the centre hydraulic system. A cockpit dial with two pointers (left
and right) shows the actual flap position. If left and right flaps/slats are moving
correctly and in unison, the left point obscures the right point beneath it. The dial
is used to identify the flap/slat position, during takeoff, approach and landing
checks, along with the flap handle position itself
Retractable landing gear flap ,
leading edge & spoilers
Fuses and circuit breakers

A fuse is placed in series with the voltage source and all current must
flow through it.The fuse consists of a strip of metal that is enclosed in a
glass or plastic housing. The metal strip has a low melting point and is
usually made of lead, tin, or copper. When the current exceeds the
capacity fthe fuse the metal strip heats up and breaks. As a result of
this, the flow of current in the circuit stops. There are two basic types of
fuses: fast acting and slow blow. The fast-acting type opens very
quickly when their particular current rating is exceeded. This is
important for electric devices that can quickly be destroyed when too
much current flows through them for even a very small amount of
time. Slow blow fuses have a coiled construction inside. They are
designed to open only on a continued overload, such as a short circuit
Fuses and circuit breakers
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by an overload or short circuit. Its basic
function is to detect a fault condition and immediately discontinue electrical flow.
Unlike a fuse that operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can
be reset to resume normal operation. All resettable circuit breakers should open
the circuit in which they are installed regardless of the position of the operating
control when an overload or circuit fault exists. Such circuit breakers are referred to
as trip-free. Automatic reset circuit breakers automatically reset themselves. When
a circuit breaker trips, the electrical circuit should be checked and the fault
removed before the circuit breaker is reset. Sometimes circuit breakers trip for no
apparent reason, and the circuit breaker can be reset one time. If the circuit
breaker trips again, there exists a circuit fault and the technician must troubleshoot
the circuit before resetting the circuit breaker.
Fuses and circuit breakers
Aircraft Electrical System
Malfunctions & remedial actions

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