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    Mine Environmental Engineering MND406

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    Abhay Tiwari [IIT-ISM]
    The document discusses mine fires, which are a common hazard in coal mines that can cause financial and safety issues. It notes that mine fires are usually caused by spontaneous combustion or friction/electricity. Coal properties like rank, volatile matter content, and moisture level affect its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Once combustion begins, a chemical reaction occurs where coal absorbs oxygen and produces heat if not dissipated, eventually reaching ignition temperature. Thicker coal seams, faults in the geology, and irregular coal bands can also increase fire risk.

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    Mine Environmental Engineering MND406

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Tiwari [IIT-ISM]
    31 views9 pages
    The document discusses mine fires, which are a common hazard in coal mines that can cause financial and safety issues. It notes that mine fires are usually caused by spontaneous combustion or friction/electricity. Coal properties like rank, volatile matter content, and moisture level affect its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Once combustion begins, a chemical reaction occurs where coal absorbs oxygen and produces heat if not dissipated, eventually reaching ignition temperature. Thicker coal seams, faults in the geology, and irregular coal bands can also increase fire risk.

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    Lecture 1

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    The document discusses mine fires, which are a common hazard in coal mines that can cause financial and safety issues. It notes that mine fires are usually caused by spontaneous combustion or friction/electricity. Coal properties like rank, volatile matter content, and moisture level affect its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Once combustion begins, a chemical reaction occurs where coal absorbs oxygen and produces heat if not dissipated, eventually reaching ignition temperature. Thicker coal seams, faults in the geology, and irregular coal bands can also increase fire risk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views9 pages

    Mine Environmental Engineering MND406

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Tiwari [IIT-ISM]
    The document discusses mine fires, which are a common hazard in coal mines that can cause financial and safety issues. It notes that mine fires are usually caused by spontaneous combustion or friction/electricity. Coal properties like rank, volatile matter content, and moisture level affect its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Once combustion begins, a chemical reaction occurs where coal absorbs oxygen and produces heat if not dissipated, eventually reaching ignition temperature. Thicker coal seams, faults in the geology, and irregular coal bands can also increase fire risk.

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    You are on page 1of 9

    Mine Environmental

    Engineering
    MND406
    Dr. Bhardwaj Pandit
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Mining
    Engineering
    IIT (ISM) Dhanbad
    Mine Fires: Introduction
     Most common hazard particularly in coal
    mines (both UG and opencast).

     Financial loss

     Direct: Loss of coal reserve, mining


    equipment, fire-fighting cost, recovery cost

     Indirect: Production loss, increased


    operating costs.

     Non-Financial: Life and Health of workers,


    large source of green house gas emissions.

     Fire Triangle

     Indian Coalfields – First fire in 1865 in


    Raniganj.

    2
    Types of Coal Mine Fires
     Two Types -

     Spontaneous combustion/incipient fires/seam fires: No visible flame, smoke may be


    visible.

     Open fires: Visible active flame. Last stage of seam fires. Can occur in timber
    supports and mine equipment too.

    1. Due to Friction

    2. Electrical

    3
    4
    Formation of Coal

    5
    Constituents of Coal
     Coal attributes - density, calorific value, moisture content, volatile matter, fixed
    carbon, ash, maceral content and rank, total iron, non-pyritic iron, total sulphur,
    pyritic sulphur.

     Refer to this website for more information - www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/index.php

    6
    Spontaneous combustion of Coals
     Refers to Self heating – originating from auto-oxidation (of organic component of coal)
    at ordinary atmospheric temperatures that is catalytic, exothermic and self sustaining.

     Leads to deterioration of coal.

     The process is complex and we lack full understanding.

     Starts with physical adsorption of oxygen on coal surface subsequently resulting into
    chemical chain reaction

    Coal + Oxygen  Coal-oxygen complex  Oxidized coal + CO+CO2+H2O+Heat

     If the heat produced is not dissipated at a sufficiently fast rate (by radiation, conduction,
    convection or all three processes), it produces a further rise in temperature, which
    accelerates the rate of oxygen sorption and heat accumulation until the ignition
    temperature of the coal is reached.

     Weak air current becomes an important condition. The poor thermal conductivity of coal
    also favours heat accumulation.

    7
    Factors affecting liability of Coals towards spontaneous combustion

     Coal properties:

     Surface area of coals: Increases with increase in total surface area – fragment size
    and pore size.

     Coal Rank: Lower rank  more susceptible to spontaneous heating, since it has
    more moisture and Volatile matter content, making it more reactive.

     Volatile Matter: High VM content  more susceptible

     Moisture content: More susceptible at particular value (MC 0) and is lower on either
    side of MC0. Exact mechanism not clear.

     Presence of Pyrite: Promotes spontaneous combustion. Conditions get more


    favourable in wet conditions and FeS2 is finer in size.

     Ash content: May or may not accelerate depending upon mineral composition of ash.

    8
    Factors affecting liability of Coals towards spontaneous combustion

     Coal properties:

     Temperature: Greatly influences. Rate of oxidation increases with rise in


    temperature. However, for in isothermal conditions, oxidation decreases with time.

     Concentration of oxygen in contact air: Directly proportional of O2 concentration.


    Minimum O2 required for spontaneous combustion is around 7%.

     Methane content of coal: If methane fills the pores, it creates inert atmosphere
    reducing the susceptibility. However, with time as methane escapes, oxidation
    begins.

     Geological Factors:

     Thickness of coal seams: Thickness more than 3 m pose great hazard.

     Faults: Tectonic disturbance such as faults lead to coal being in crushed state.
    Leakage of air can happen in mine working.

     Irregular bands of coal and unworkable seams. 9

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