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Unit 5 Solar Energy

This document discusses solar energy and its various applications. It covers the following key points: 1. Solar energy comes from the sun in the forms of thermal energy and electrical energy. Flat plate collectors are commonly used to absorb solar radiation and convert it to heat. 2. The amount of solar radiation an area receives depends on location, time of day, season, landscape, and weather. Both direct beam and diffuse radiation from the sun are measured. 3. Solar energy can be concentrated using technologies like parabolic troughs or dish collectors to generate thermal or electrical energy from solar power plants. 4. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect in sem

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Madhura Tuljapurkar
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51 views64 pages

Unit 5 Solar Energy

This document discusses solar energy and its various applications. It covers the following key points: 1. Solar energy comes from the sun in the forms of thermal energy and electrical energy. Flat plate collectors are commonly used to absorb solar radiation and convert it to heat. 2. The amount of solar radiation an area receives depends on location, time of day, season, landscape, and weather. Both direct beam and diffuse radiation from the sun are measured. 3. Solar energy can be concentrated using technologies like parabolic troughs or dish collectors to generate thermal or electrical energy from solar power plants. 4. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect in sem

Uploaded by

Madhura Tuljapurkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit No 5

Solar Energy
Mrs.M.D.Tuljapurkar
Solar Energy
• Energy from Sun
• Two types of solar energy
• 1. Thermal Energy
• 2. Electrical Energy
Principles of solar radiations
• Every location on Earth receives sunlight at least
part of the year. The amount of solar radiation that
reaches any one spot on the Earth's surface varies
according to:
• Geographic location
• Time of day
• Season
• Local landscape
• Local weather.
DIFFUSE AND DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION
• As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, some of it is
absorbed, scattered, and reflected by:
• Air molecules
• Water vapor
• Clouds
• Dust
• Pollutants
• Forest fires
• Volcanoes.
• This is called diffuse solar radiation. The solar radiation that
reaches the Earth's surface without being diffused is
called direct beam solar radiation. The sum of the diffuse and
direct solar radiation is called global solar radiation.
Measurement
• Scientists measure the amount of sunlight falling on
specific locations at different times of the year. They then
estimate the amount of sunlight falling on regions at the
same latitude with similar climates. Measurements of
solar energy are typically expressed as total radiation on a
horizontal surface, or as total radiation on a surface
tracking the sun.
• Radiation data for solar electric (photovoltaic) systems are
often represented as kilowatt-hours per square meter
(kWh/m2). Direct estimates of solar energy may also be
expressed as watts per square meter (W/m2).
Solar Constant
• the average rate at which radiant energy is
received from the sun by the earth, measured
at a point outside the earth's atmosphere
when the earth is at its mean distance from
the sun.
Solar energy collectors
concentration ratio
• Concentration Ratio
The light concentration process is typically
characterized by the concentration ratio (C). By
physical meaning, the concentration ratio is the
factor by which the incident energy flux is
optically enhanced on the receiving surface.
Flat plate collector
• Black surface  - absorbent of the
incident solar energy
• Glazing cover - a transparent layer
that transmits radiation to the
absorber, but prevents radiative
and convective heat loss from the
surface
• Tubes containing heating fluid to
transfer the heat from the
collector
• Support structure to protect the
components and hold them in
place
• Insulation covering sides and
bottom of the collector to reduce
heat losses
Flat Plate collector for hot water system
• Some advantages of the flat-plate collectors
are that they are:
• Easy to manufacture
• Low cost
• Collect both beam and diffuse radiation
• Permanently fixed (no sophisticated
positioning or tracking equipment is required)
• Little maintenance
Solar Thermal Energy
• Solar thermal power plant comprises power
plants which first convert solar radiation into
heat. The resulting thermal energy is
subsequently transformed into mechanical
energy by a thermal engine, and then
converted into electricity
Compact linear fresnel reflector
Solar Chimney
Measurement of solar radiation
• Solar radiation: Energy radiated from sun
• Solar irradiation: the radiated energy received
on the earth surface
• Solar insolation: solar radiations received on
the flat earth surface
Need for measurement
• 1. To increase heating and cooling applications
• 2. For accurate solar radiation data to predict
performance
• 3. To know the availability of solar energy.
• PV System
PV cell, module and array
Solar cell PN junction
• N Type substrate P Type substrate
Solar Cell
• Light falls on N junction and valance electrons
get excited and get move into conduction
band and move to the negative terminal.
Current flows through external circuit.
Diode as a PN junction
• Diode act as a sink
Diode characteristics
PV Cell as generator
• Ip is photo current
• More the solar radiation more the current Ip
Characteristics of PV cell
VI Characteristic of PV cell
Equivalent circuit of PV cell
Effect of increased solar radiations
Effect of temperature on VI characteristic
Stand alone PV system
Hybrid PV system
Solar Panel Installation Design
•  First you will need to estimate how much
watts of electricity you may require for the
specified load.
Inverter / UPS Rating

• Inverter / UPS rating should be greater than


25% of the total load
• Our Load + 25% Extra Power = 800+200 = 1000
Watts
• This is the rating of the UPS (Inverter) i.e. We
need 1000W UPS / Inverter for solar panel
installation according to our need 

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