Virtual Reality

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 Introduction

 What is Virtual Reality(VR)?

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 Virtual Reality(VR)
• the computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional
image or environment that may be interacted with by a
person wearing specialised electronic gear, such as a helmet
with an internal screen or gloves with sensors, to make it
appear real or physical.
• Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with
software and presented to the user in such a way that the
user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment.

• A simulated experience known as virtual reality can be

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 Introduction (Contd..)
 Why VR?
VR may transport you into a virtual
environment of your own creation, such as
a room, a city, or the inside of a person.
You can travel to any undiscovered region
of the human mind using VR.

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 Brief History
 In 1950s, flight simulators were built by US Air
Force to train student pilots.
 In 1965, a research program for computer
graphics called “The Ultimate Display” was laid
out.
 In 1988, commercial development of VR began.
 In 1991, first commercial entertainment VR
system "Virtuality" was released.

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 Types of VR System
 Windows on World (WoW)
– Also called Desktop VR.
– Using a conventional computer monitor to display
the 3D virtual world.
 Immersive VR
– Completely immerse the user's personal viewpoint
inside the virtual 3D world.
– The user has no visual contact with the physical
world.
– Often equipped with a Head Mounted Display
(HMD).
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 Types of VR System
• Second Person:
• uses a camera to photograph a participant
and upload it to the virtual world Users can
then interact with virtual items on a monitor
while viewing their own photographs.

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 Types of VR System(Cont’d)
 Mixed Reality (Augmented Reality)
physical and digital spaces are seamlessly integrated The fusion of the real
and virtual worlds to create new habitats and visualisations where actual
and virtual items can coexist and communicate in real time is known as
mixed reality (MR), also known as hybrid reality.
Augmented Reality Example
Snap-chat filters:The filters on the social media app Snap Chat are the
perfect example of augmented reality. Real-time photographs of people
have virtual embellishments such as flower crowns and animal ears.
Distributed VR
A network of computers runs a simulation of the world, allowing users to
communicate in real time while participating in the same virtual
environment.

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 VR Examples (Cont’d)
 Augmented VR

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 VR Examples (Cont’d)
 Distributed VR

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 Technologies of VR--Hardware

 Head-Mounted Display (HMD)

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 Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Control Devices
– Control virtual objects in 3 dimensions.

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 Technologies of VR--Software
 Toolkits
– Programming libraries.
– Provide function libraries (C & C++).

 Authoring systems
– Complete programs with graphical interfaces for creating
worlds without resorting to detailed programming.

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 Technologies of VR--Software
 Software packages available in market
– Multiverse (Freeware)
– Virtual Reality Studio ($100)
– Sense8 World Tool Kit (WTK) (over $1000)
– Autodesk Cyberspace Development kit (over $1000)

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 Architecture of VR System
 Input Processor, Simulation Processor,
Rendering Processor and World
Database.
visual,
auditory,
Position & haptic,
Orientation touch…

Input Rendering
Processor Processor

Simulation
Processor

World Database
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 Components of VR System (Cont’d)

 Input Processor
– Control the tools for entering data into the
computer. The goal is to transmit coordinate
data to the rest of the system with as little lag
as possible.
– Keyboard, mouse, 3D position trackers, a
voice recognition system, etc.

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Components of VR System (Cont’d)

 Simulation Processor
– Core of a VR system.
– Takes user inputs, as well as any tasks
programmed into the world, to determine

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Components of VR System (Cont’d)

 Rendering Processor
– Create the sensations that are output to
the user.
– For the sense systems of sight, hearing,
touch, and others, various rendering
approaches are used. For each time step,
each renderer receives a description of the
world stat, either through the

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Components of VR System (Cont’d)

 World Database (World Description

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 VR Applications

• •Perambulation
–Involves walking or flying some sort of model of a
virtual world
• •Synthetic experience
–Allows participant to perform skills that are
dangerous and expensive in real world
• •Realization
–Allows participant to see and graphically
manipulate content dependent data

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 Applications
 Entertainment
– More vivid
– Move exciting
– More attractive

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 Applications (Cont’d)
 Medicine
 Practice performing surgery.
 Perform surgery on a remote patient.
 Teach new skills in a safe, controlled environment.

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 Applications (Cont’d)
 Manufacturing
– Easy to modify
– Low cost
– High efficient

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 Applications (Cont’d)

 Education & Training

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 Software Requirements
• Device drivers
–Allow to connect various devices required for the
user to communicate between real and virtual
worlds
• •Development tools
–Allow software models to be constructed
• •Navigation engine
–Software tools used to navigate through and
manipulate images created by development tools

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