Chapter 5 Objectives

• Explain augmented reality

Augmented
Reality • Explain the features of augmented reality

• Distinguish AR, VR, and MR

• Architecture of AR systems

• Application areas of augmented reality

 • Augmented Reality(AR)
is a view of the physical
real-world environment with
Augmente
superimposed computer-
d
generated images; thus,
Reality(AR
changing the perception of
)
reality.

It can be said also a live direct or indirect view of a

physical, real-world environment whose elements are
augmented by computer-generated sensory input such
as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
 • AR integrates digital information with the

user's environment in real-time.

Augmente • Its convincing effect is achieved by ensuring

d that the virtual content is aligned and
Reality(AR registered with the real objects.
)
• Unlike virtual reality, which creates a totally

artificial environment, augmented reality

uses the existing environment and overlays

new information on top of it.

 • You can simply experience AR using smartphones by

downloading AR apps or may be with the help of

special AR headsets, such as Google Glass, where

Augmented digital content is displayed on a tiny screen in front of
Reality(AR) a user’s eye.

• Examples of augmented reality experiences include

Snapchat lenses and the game Pokemon Go

Direct and Indirect Augmentation of Objects

 Medical – AR has
application in medicals
like observing the
internal body system
Application of the patient.
of
Augmented
Reality(VR) Entertainment and
games AR has
applications in
entertainments to play
games called pokemon
go in which you can
catch augmented
pokeman character in
real world.
 Consumer design – a
very simple example of
application in consumer
design would be
Application imagine you place a
of augmented sofa in your
Augmented room and see if it fits or
Reality(VR) not before purchasing.
 • Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-
generated environment with scenes and
objects that appear to be real, making the
Virtual
Reality(VR user feel they are immersed in their
) surroundings.

• VR is fully immersive, which tricks your

senses into thinking you’re in a different
environment or world apart from the real
world

• Special goggles, also called VR headsets,

are placed over the eyes and fully
 • Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or
headset, you’ll experience a computer-
generated world of imagery and sounds in
Virtual which you can manipulate objects and
Reality(VR move around using haptic controllers
while tethered to a console or PC.
)
• VR simulates a computer-generated
realistic experience.
• Typically VR blocks out the real world
(“Reality”)and replaces it with a “Virtual”
world.
• Advanced VR environment will engage all
five senses (taste, sight, smell, touch,
sound)
 • Some of popular VR devices such as HTC
Vive, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard
and special hand controllers can be used
Virtual to enhance it’s experiences.
Reality(VR • Most VR headsets are connected to a
) computer (Oculus Rift) or a gaming console
(PlayStation VR)

• There are also standalone devices (Google

Cardboard is among the most popular).
 Movies – virtual reality
is applied in 3-D movies
to try and immerse the
Applicatio viewer in to the movie
n of and /or virtual setting
Virtual and environments
Reality(VR
) Video games – virtual
reality is evident in
video games. Now you
can physically interact
with the game by using
body and motions to
control characters and
other elements of the
game.
 Education – virtual
reality for teaching and
learning situations. The
Applicatio advantage of this is
n of that it enables large
Virtual group of students to
interact with each
Reality(VR other as well as with in
) a three dimensional
environment.
Creating
Trainingvirtual
– VRlabs.
is used
by trainers to provide
learners with a virtual
environment where
they can develop their
skills with out the real
world consequence of
 • Mixed Reality (MR) sometimes referred to
as hybrid reality.

• It is the merging of real and virtual worlds

Mixed to produce new environments and
Reality(M visualizations; where physical and digital
R) objects co-exist and interact in real-time.

• It means placing new imagery within a real

space in such a way that the new imagery
is able to interact, to an extent, with what
is real in the physical world we know.

• For example, with MR, you can play a

virtual video game, grab your real-world
water bottle, and smack an imaginary
 • The key characteristic of MR is that the
synthetic content and the real-world content
are able to react each other in real-time.
• Next-generation sensing and imaging
technologies allows us to interact with and
Mixed manipulate physical and virtual items in MR.
Reality(M • Mixed reality hardware is still emerging and
R) hasn’t quite broken into the mainstream
consumer market, most likely due to the
price.
• The consumer releases of the Microsoft
HoloLens and Magic Leap One retail for
over $2000 USD, which is 3 to 4 times the
cost of the PlayStation VR and HTC Vive VR
headsets
• Thus MR applications require exponentially
high processing power built on the top of
powerful hardware.
 Mixed Reality(MR)

Mixed reality in engineering and medicine

  The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS)
were usually designed with a basis on three
Architectu main blocks
re of AR  Infrastructure Tracker Unit
Systems  Responsible for collecting data from the
real world, sending them to the
Processing Unit
 Processing Unit
 Mix the virtual content with the real
content and sent the result to the Video
Out module of the Visual Unit
  Visual Unit
 The Visual Unit can be classified into
Architectu two types of system based on the
re of AR visualization technology:
Systems
 Video see-through: It uses a Head-
Mounted Display (HMD) that employs a
video-mixing and displays the merged
images on a closed-view HMD.
 Optical see-through: It uses an HMD
that employs optical combiners to merge
the images within an open-view HMD.
Architectu
re of AR
Systems

Augmented reality systems standard architecture

  Computer vision and the exponential
advancement of computer processing power
(VR, AR, and MR) technology is becoming more

AR, VR Vs. and more prominent.

 There is some overlap in the applications and
MR functions of these emerging technologies.
 One of the most obvious differences among
them is the hardware requirements.
 Moreover, the following are basic
differences;
• VR is content which is 100% digital and can
be enjoyed in a fully immersive environment,
• AR overlays digital content on top of the real-
world and
• MR is a digital overlay that allows interactive
virtual elements to integrate and interact
AR, VR Vs. MR

Paul Milgram’s Reality Virtuality(VR)

Continuum