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    Chapter 6 Geothermal Energy CT

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    Adreana Amirah
    Geothermal energy comes from the natural heat of the Earth, primarily from the radioactive decay of elements inside the Earth. This heat can be accessed by drilling wells into hot underground reservoirs of water or rock. There are different types of geothermal power plants that use this heat, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary plants. Geothermal energy provides benefits like being renewable and producing zero emissions, but also faces challenges like high upfront costs and only being available in certain geological areas.

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    Chapter 6 Geothermal Energy CT

    Uploaded by

    Adreana Amirah
    20 views33 pages
    Geothermal energy comes from the natural heat of the Earth, primarily from the radioactive decay of elements inside the Earth. This heat can be accessed by drilling wells into hot underground reservoirs of water or rock. There are different types of geothermal power plants that use this heat, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary plants. Geothermal energy provides benefits like being renewable and producing zero emissions, but also faces challenges like high upfront costs and only being available in certain geological areas.

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    Chapter 6 Geothermal Energy ct

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    Geothermal energy comes from the natural heat of the Earth, primarily from the radioactive decay of elements inside the Earth. This heat can be accessed by drilling wells into hot underground reservoirs of water or rock. There are different types of geothermal power plants that use this heat, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary plants. Geothermal energy provides benefits like being renewable and producing zero emissions, but also faces challenges like high upfront costs and only being available in certain geological areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views33 pages

    Chapter 6 Geothermal Energy CT

    Uploaded by

    Adreana Amirah
    Geothermal energy comes from the natural heat of the Earth, primarily from the radioactive decay of elements inside the Earth. This heat can be accessed by drilling wells into hot underground reservoirs of water or rock. There are different types of geothermal power plants that use this heat, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary plants. Geothermal energy provides benefits like being renewable and producing zero emissions, but also faces challenges like high upfront costs and only being available in certain geological areas.

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    Geothermal

    Energy

     Locations of Geothermal Energy


     Thermal Gradient and Heat Flow

    Technologies for Geothermal Energy


    Geo = Earth
    Thermal = Heat
    INTRODUCTION
    The temperature of Earth increases
    with depth in the Earth’s crust at a typical rate of 20K/km
    above the surface ambient temp (called the Geothermal
    Gradient)
    Geothermal energy comes from the natural heat of the Earth
    primarily due to the decay of the naturally radioactive isotopes of
    uranium, thorium and potassium.

    At the base of the continental crust, temperatures are believed to


    range from 200 to 1000°C, and at the centre of the earth the
    temperatures may be in the range of 3500 to 4500°C.The heat is
    transferred from the interior towards the surface mostly by
    conduction.
    ABOUT GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

    - Definition : The heat that generated/derived & stored from the


    interior of earth.

    - "Geo" means earth and "thermal" means heat

    - The Earth has four main layers,  each layer has different
    compositions, functions and temperatures

    - The heat of the earth radiates outward and sometimes


    melts the mantle at temperatures of 300°F - 700°F

    - The heat come from

    - Hot water and hot rock found


    a few miles beneath the Earth's surface
    - Molten rock called magma.
    How does Geothermal Power is Produced?

    • Resource – Natural heat of the earth.


    • Heat comes from molten rock called magma
    • Magma – located at earth’s core

    • Magma heats water at high temperature –


    superheated fluid
    • Superheated fluid -> Steam -> Energy
    Wellhead TURBINE
    Separator
    Hot Dry Rocks
    Process Flow
    Magma heats
    Rain Water
    water – Production
    seeps through 1 2
    superheated Wells
    earth cracks
    fluid

    Wellhead
    Electrical Separator
    5 Turbine 4
    Generator (Fluid +
    Steam)
    6

    Injection Well
    Step-up (reheat the
    transformer 7
    fluid)
    Wellhead Separator
    • The pressure of fluid is reduced - Result in
    rapidly vaporize of fluid and flash into high
    pressure steam
    • Any fluid not flash into steam will moves to
    standard pressure crystallizer – produce
    standard pressure steam
    • Remaining steam will flash at a lower
    pressure to create low pressure steam
    • All steam created by the plant will be send to
    turbine
    General concept

    Top 6 Biggest Geothermal Power Plant in the


    World??????
    LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

    -Geothermal energy is generally


    harnessed in areas of volcanic
    activity.

    - Largest producers :
    - United States
    - Philippines
    - Italy
    - Mexico
    -Indonesia
    - Japan
    Drilling needed to
    access the heat
    How to access heat?
    - Drill 2 holes, one to inject cold water,
    another to extract hot water.

    - Circulate fluid.

    - Use hot water to generate steam that turns


    turbine of standard design.
    Types Geopressurized
    hot, high pressure brines with dissolved
    methane (more to offshore)

    Hot dry rock

    Magma

    Hydrothermal (convective)
    hot water/ steam in confined
    aquifers, under pressure
    (commercial)
    Classification of geothermal resources
    Geopressurized

    hot, high pressure brines with


    dissolved methane (more to offshore)
    Hot dry rock

    commonly referred to
    as 'hot rocks', these
    systems exploit the
    heat stored in hot rocks
    or called as
    ‘granite rocks’ deep
    beneath the earth by
    fracturing the rock to
    create permeable
    reservoirs.
    Magma
    Hydrothermal

    Geothermal energy uses the earth's natural


    internal heat to generate electricity and heating.
    Geothermal energy may be stored or trapped in
    liquids such as water and brine (hydrothermal
    process).
    Directly for heating.
    Indirectly to generate electricity.
    Creil geothermal district heating (near Paris)
    Electric Power Generation
    - Generated using steam/ hydrocarbon vapour to
    turn a turbine generator.
    Direct Utilization
    - Low intermediate temperature range.
    - Economic drilling depths methods.
    Geothermal Heat Pumps
    - Ground sources heat pumps (GHPs) constant
    temperature of the earth to provide heating.
    - A small amount of electricity is required to run a
    compressor.
    ABOUT GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

    Different types of Geothermal Energy Plant

    Dry Steam Geothermal Steam from earth direct spin the turbine

    Single Flash Steam Plant High-pressure hot water from earth, then transfer to
    low pressure tank and turn to steam

    Binary Circle transfer the heat from geothermal hot water to


    another liquid. The heat causes the second liquid to
    turn to steam, which is used to drive a generator
    turbine.
    air and
    water
    generator vapour
    turbine
    condenser
    cooling
    steam tower
    air air

    water
    hot
    well
    condensate

    geothermal zone

    production well injection well

    (a) dry steam power plant


    air and
    water
    generator vapour
    turbine
    condenser
    cooling
    steam tower
    air air
    water
    steam hot
    condensate well
    brine waste brine direct
    heat
    uses

    geothermal zone

    production well injection well

    (b) single flash steam power plant


    air and
    water
    generator vapour
    turbine
    condenser
    iso-butane
    cooling
    (vapour) tower
    iso-butane air air

    heat exchanger water

    hot brine

    geothermal zone

    production well injection well

    (c) binary cycle power plant


    Environmental issues

    CO2 emissions
    Impact of Geothermal Energy
    Advantage Disadvantage
    Significant Cost Saving(Maintenance) Not well known and less skilled man
    power

    Reduce dependability on Fossil Fuels High in Installation Cost


    Zero pollution and environmental friendy Possible to run out of steam
    Direct usability Only suit to particular region
    (geological)
    Job opportunity Possibility to purge harmful gases
    Renewable source of energy The distance from source to user must
    not far (transport)

    No waste(residue) built in as no The energy obtained is too small


    generation occured

    Weather independent condition Possibility in volcano eruption


    Implementation issues

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