Constructing A Research Instrument

Constructing
a
Research Instrument
• One of the most important components of a
research design is the research instruments
because they gather of collect data or information.
• The instrument to be used must be appropriate to
the study, valid, and reliable.
INTRODUCTION
Types of Research Instrument
Questionnaire
Interview
Observation
“QUESTIONNAIRE”
• The most common instrument or tool of research for obtaining the data beyond the physical reach of
the observer which, for ex. May be sent to human beings who are thousands of miles away or just
around the corner
Two Forms of Questionnaire

1. Closed form / Closedended - give the respondents the ability to respond on their own word (yes or no).
2. Open form / Openended - allows the subject to choose one of the given alternatives.
Advantages
• Simple method of obtaining data
• Less time is consumed
• Researcher is able to gather data from a widely scattered sample
Disadvantages
• Responses lack depth
• Respondents may omit or disregard any item he chooses
• Some items maybe misunderstood
• Lenght of questionnaire in mind
The Questionnaire
• Clarity of language
• Singleness of purpose
• Relevant to the objective of the study
• Correct grammar
Guidelines in constructing the questionnaire

• use simple terms
• define or qualify terms that could easily be misinterpreted
• be careful in using descriptive adjectives and adverbs that have no agreed-upon meaning
• beware of double negative
• avoid the double-barreled question
• underline the word if you wish to indicate special emphasis
• when asking for rating or comparisons a point of reference is necessary
• design question that will give a complete answer
• avoid unwarranted assumptions
“INTERVIEW”
• It is in a sense of an oral questionnaire. Instead of writing
the response, the interviewee gives the needed information
orally and face-to-face. With a skillful interviewer, the
interview is often superior to other data gathering device.
• The purposes of interview are :
- to verify information gathered from written sources
- to clarify points of information
- to update information and
- to collect data
Types of Interview
1. Structured or standardized
- operates with formative written instrument
and questions are designed prior to the
interview
2. Unstructured or unstandardized
- more conversational, time consuming and
flexibility in questioning the subject.
Advantages
- depths of responses Disadvantages
can be assured time consuming
- clarification is prone to biases
possible
- no items overlooked
- greater amount of
flexibility
“OBSERVATION”
• perceiving data through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch
and smell
• most directly way used in studying inidividual behavior
• Advantages
• produce large quantities of data
• observation can be stopped or begun at any time
• subjects are easily available
• may be recorded at the timethey occur, eliminating bias becuase
of the recall
• Disadvantages
• accurate prediction of a situation to be
observed is unlikely
• the presence of an observer gives the
subjects a quality normally absent
• observed events are subject to biases
CRITERIA for Measuring Research
Instruments
1. Validity- measure what is intends to measure
Types of Validity
• Content validity
a. expert judgment
b. table of specification
• Criterion validity
• Construct validity
•2. Reliability – stability in
maintaining consistent
measurement in a test
administered twice
Testing validity of Data
collection
1. Self evident measures- refers to the fact that
the instrument appears what it is supposed to
measure
2. Pragmatic measures- the procedure
essentially tests the practical value of a
particular research instrument
Self-evident measures
a. Face Validity -refers to the degree to which
an assessment or test subjectively appears to
measure the variable or construct that it is
supposed to measure. The researcher verifies
face validity by asking experts to evaluate the
instrument’s intent.
b. Content Validity - relies on the assurance that
you can demonstrate an adequate coverage of
the study
Pragmatic Measures
- Concurrent validity - refers to the extent to
which an instrument can accurately identify
subjects that differ with respect to a given
characteristics. Ex: a measure of job
satisfaction might
be correlated with work performance
Predictive validity- to predict future occurrence. The
researcher commonly validates this by using the
instrument then comparing the result with some
future outcomes.
- Construct validity - useful mainly for measuring the
traits or feelings such as generosity, grief or
satisfaction. Related to the theoretical ideas behind
the personality trait under consideration.
THANK YOU!
1. QUESTIONNAIRE
2. INTERVIEW
3. OBSERVATION
4. Reliability
5. Validity
6. Structured or standardized
7. Unstructured or unstandardized
8,9,10. QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEW,
OBSERVATION

Constructing A Research Instrument

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Constructing A Research Instrument

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Constructing A Research Instrument

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Constructing

Two Forms of Questionnaire

Guidelines in constructing the questionnaire

1. Validity- measure what is intends to measure

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.