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    Learn Psychology With Vishal Pandey: Term 2

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    Labhanshi Bhargava
    The document discusses the nature, types, and sources of stress. It defines stress as the body's reaction to any external demand or challenge that requires an adaptive response to maintain homeostasis. Stress can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress) depending on its severity and duration. The body responds to stress through physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes in an attempt to cope and adapt. Long-term stress can negatively impact health and cause burnout. The document outlines various stress management techniques.

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    Learn Psychology With Vishal Pandey: Term 2

    Uploaded by

    Labhanshi Bhargava
    107 views17 pages
    The document discusses the nature, types, and sources of stress. It defines stress as the body's reaction to any external demand or challenge that requires an adaptive response to maintain homeostasis. Stress can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress) depending on its severity and duration. The body responds to stress through physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes in an attempt to cope and adapt. Long-term stress can negatively impact health and cause burnout. The document outlines various stress management techniques.

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    The document discusses the nature, types, and sources of stress. It defines stress as the body's reaction to any external demand or challenge that requires an adaptive response to maintain homeostasis. Stress can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress) depending on its severity and duration. The body responds to stress through physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes in an attempt to cope and adapt. Long-term stress can negatively impact health and cause burnout. The document outlines various stress management techniques.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    107 views17 pages

    Learn Psychology With Vishal Pandey: Term 2

    Uploaded by

    Labhanshi Bhargava
    The document discusses the nature, types, and sources of stress. It defines stress as the body's reaction to any external demand or challenge that requires an adaptive response to maintain homeostasis. Stress can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress) depending on its severity and duration. The body responds to stress through physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes in an attempt to cope and adapt. Long-term stress can negatively impact health and cause burnout. The document outlines various stress management techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Term 2

    Learn Psychology with


    Vishal Pandey

    Chapter 3
    Meeting Life Challenges
    Nature, Type & Sources of Stress

    • What is stress?
    • Eustress
    • Distress
    • Stress can be described as the pattern of responses
    an organism makes to stimulus event that disturbs
    the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to
    cope.
    Nature of Stress
    • The reaction to external stressors is called ‘strain’

    • Hens Selye – Father of Modern stress research – “the non-specific response of the body
    to any demand”.
    • Others believed – “Different stressors may produce somewhat different patterns of
    stress reaction, and different individuals may have different characteristic modes of
    response.
    • Stress is a dynamic mental/cognitive state.
    • It is the disruption in homeostasis or an imbalance that gives rise to the requirement
    for resolution of that imbalance or restoration of hemeostasis.
    Nature of Stress
    • An individual’s response to a stressful situation largely depends
    upon the perceived events and how they are interpreted or
    appraised.
    • Lazarus has distinguished between two types of appraisal
    – Primary Appraisal – Perception of new environment as positive, negative
    or neutral in its consequences
    • Harm
    • Threat
    • Challenge

    – Secondary Appraisal – Assessment of one’s coping abilities & resources


    and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat or challenge.
    Model of Stress Process
    Physiological Response
    • Hypothalamus initiates action along two pathways
    – Autonomic Nervous System
    – Pituitary Gland
    • ANS – Adrenal Gland releases Catecholamines
    (epinephrine & Norepinephrine) for fight or flight
    response
    • Pituitary Gland secretes Corticosteroid (cortisol)
    which provides energy.
    Emotional Response
    • Negative emotions such as Fear, anxiety,
    embarrassment, anger, depression or even denial.
    Behavioural Response
    • Behavioural response are virtually limitless, depending
    on the nature of the stressful event. (fight or flight)
    Cognitive Response
    • It include beliefs about the harm or threat an event & beliefs about its
    causes or controllability. (Lack of concentration, intrusive, repetitive
    thoughts)
    Signs & Symptoms of Stress
    • The way we respond to stress varies depending upon
    our personality, early upbringing & life experiences.
    • Depth of the problem, Nature, severity
    Types of Stress
    • Physical & Environmental stress
    • Psychological Stress
    – Frustration
    – Conflicts
    – Internal pressures
    – Social pressures
    • Social Stress
    Effects of stress on Psychological Functioning &
    Health
    • Emotional Effects – Mood Swings, erratic behaviour & may alienate
    themselves. Increased physical tension, psychological tensions.

    • Physiological Effects – Adrenaline & Cortisol (changes in heart rate,


    BP levels, Metabolism & physical activity. Damaging in long term.
    – Release of Epinephrine & nor-epinephrine
    – Slowing down of the digestive system
    – Expansion of air passages in the lungs,
    – Increased heart rate
    – Constriction of blood vessels.
    Effects of stress on Psychological Functioning &
    Health
    • Cognitive Effects – Inability to decision making, poor
    concentration, reduced short-term memory.

    • Behavioural Effects –
    – Less Nutritional food
    – Increase in caffeine
    – Excess of cigarettes, alcohol & other drugs
    – Disrupted sleep patterns
    – Reduced work performance
    –
    Stress & Health

    • Burnout – The mental exhaustion appears in the form


    of irritability, anxiety, feelings of helplessness &
    hopelessness, this state of physical, emotional &
    psychological exhaustion is known as BURNOUT
    General Adaptation Syndrome
    Coping with Stress

    • Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to


    stress.
    • The three coping strategies given by ENDLER &
    PARKER are:
    – Task Oriented strategy
    – Emotion-oriented strategy
    – Avoidance-oriented strategy
    Coping with Stress

    • Lazarus & Folkman has conceptualized coping as a


    dynamic process rather than an individual trait.

    • Coping responses can be divided into two types of


    responses,
    – Problem-focused & Emotion-focused.
    Stress Management Techniques

    • Relaxation techniques
    • Meditation Procedures
    • Biofeedback
    • Creative Visualisation
    • Cognitive behavioural techniqes
    • Exercise
    ThankYou
    • Notes available at www.careerinnova.com

    • Instagram – career_innova
    • Youtube :
    • CareerInnova
    • Learn Psychology with vishal pandey

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