Polygons: The Word ' Is A Greek Word. and Means Angles

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Polygons

The word ‘polygon’


is a Greek word.
Poly means many
and gon means
angles.
Polygons

• The word polygon means


“many angles”
• A two dimensional object
• A closed figure

Polygons
More about Polygons
• Made up of three or more
straight line segments
• There are exactly two sides
that meet at a vertex
• The sides do not cross each
other
Polygons
Examples of Polygons

Polygons
These are not Polygons

Polygons
Terminology

Side: One of the line segments


that make up a polygon.
Vertex: Point where two sides
meet.

Polygons
Vertex

Side

Polygons
• Interior angle: An angle formed by
two adjacent sides inside the
polygon.
• Exterior angle: An angle formed by
two adjacent sides outside the
polygon.

Polygons
Exterior angle

Interior angle

Polygons
Let us recapitulate

Exterior angle

Vertex

Side

Diagonal
Interior angle
Polygons
Types of Polygons

• Equiangular Polygon: a
polygon in which all of the
angles are equal
• Equilateral Polygon: a polygon
in which all of the sides are the
same length
Polygons
• Regular Polygon: a
polygon where all the
angles are equal and all
of the sides are the same
length. They are both
equilateral and equiangular
Polygons
Examples of Regular Polygons

Polygons
A convex polygon: A polygon whose each
of the interior angle measures less than
180°.

If one or more than one angle in a polygon


measures more than 180° then it is known
as concave polygon. (Think: concave has a
"cave" in it)

Polygons
NAMING POLYGONS

Polygons
Polygons are named
according to their number
of sides. The general rule is
a polygon with n sides is
called an n-gon.

Polygons
Number of Sides Name of Polygon
n n-gon
3 Triangle or Trigon
4 Quadrilateral or tetragon
5 Pentagon
6 Hexagon
7 Heptagon
8 Octagon
9 Nonagon or enneagon
10 Decagon
11 Hendecagon or undecagon
12 Dodecagon
13 Tridecagon or triskaidecagon
14 Tetradecagon or tetrakaidecagon
15 Pentadecagon or pentakaidecagon
16 Hexadecagon or hexakaidecagon
Number of Sides Name of Polygon
17 Heptadecagon or heptakaidecagon
18 Octadecagon or octakaidecagon
19 Enneadecagon or enneakaidecagon
20 Icosagon
30 Triacontagon
40 Tetracontagon
50 Pentacontagon
60 Hexacontagon
70 Heptacontagon
80 Octacontagon
90 Enneacontagon
100 Hectogon or hecatontagon
1 000 Myriagon
10 000 Megagon
10100 Googolgon
Sides Prefix and Sides Suffix
(One
digit)

20 Icosi or 1 Henagon
icosa
30 Triaconta 2 Digon
40 Tetraconta 3 Trigon
50 Pentaconta 4 Tetragon
kai
60 Hexaconta 5 Pentagon
70 Heptaconta 6 Hexagon
80 Octaconta 7 Heptagon
90 Enneaconta 8 Octagon
9 enneagon
INTERIOR ANGLES
OF A POLYGON

Polygons
Let us find the connection
between the number of sides,
number of diagonals and the
number of triangles of a polygon.

Polygons
180o
180o 180o 180o

180o
4 sides Quadrilateral
5 sides Pentagon
2 2 x 180o = 360o
3 3 x 180 = 540
o o

1 diagonal
2 diagonals

180o
180 o
180o 180o
180o 180o 180o
180o
180o
6 sides Hexagon
7 sides Heptagon/Septagon
4 4 x 180o = 720o
5 5 x 180o = 900o
3 diagonals
Polygons 4 diagonals
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60

Polygons
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Polygons
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Pentagon
0 0
5 2 3 3 x180 540 /5
0 0
= 540 = 108

Polygons
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Pentagon
0 0
5 2 3 3 x180 540 /5
0 0
= 540 = 108

Hexagon
0 0
6 3 4 4 x180 720 /6
0 0
= 720 = 120

Polygons
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Pentagon
0 0
5 2 3 3 x180 540 /5
0 0
= 540 = 108

Hexagon
0 0
6 3 4 4 x180 720 /6
0 0
= 720 = 120

Heptagon
0 0
7 4 5 5 x180 900 /7
0 0
= 900 = 128.3

Polygons
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Pentagon
0 0
5 2 3 3 x180 540 /5
0 0
= 540 = 108
Hexagon
0 0
6 3 4 4 x180 720 /6
0 0
= 720 = 120

Heptagon
0 0
7 4 5 5 x180 900 /7
0 0
= 900 = 128.3
“n” sided n Association Association Association Association
with no. of with no. of with no. of with sum of
polygon sides sides triangles interior
Polygons angles
Regular No. of No. of No. of Sum of the Each
Polygon sides diagonals interior interior
angles angle
Triangle
0 0
3 0 1 180 180 /3
0
= 60
Quadrilateral
0 0
4 1 2 2 x180 360 /4
0 0
= 360 = 90

Pentagon
0 0
5 2 3 3 x180 540 /5
0 0
= 540 = 108

Hexagon
0 0
6 3 4 4 x180 720 /6
0 0
= 720 = 120

Heptagon
0 0
7 4 5 5 x180 900 /7
0 0
= 900 = 128.3
“n” sided n n-3 n-2 (n - 2) (n - 2)
polygon
0 0
x180 x180 / n
Polygons
Calculate the Sum of Interior Angles 1
and each interior angle of each of 7 sides
these regular polygons.

Septagon/Heptagon
Sum of Int. Angles 900o
Interior Angle 128.6o

2 3 4
9 sides 10 sides 11 sides

Nonagon Decagon Hendecagon


o
Sum 1260 Sum 1440o Sum 1620o
o o o
I.A. 140 I.A. 144 I.A. 147.3
Polygons
Diagrams not
drawn
Find the unknown angles below. accurately.

x
100 o

w 75o 95o

115o
70o 75 o
110o
2 x 180o = 360o 3 x 180o = 540o
360 – 245 = 115o 540 – 395 = 145o

125o 125o
140o 100o z
138o
121o 105o
138o
117o y
133o 137o
4 x 180o = 720o 5 x 180o = 900o
720 – 603 = 117o 900 – 776 = 124o
Polygons
EXTERIOR ANGLES
OF A POLYGON

Polygons
An exterior angle of a regular polygon is
formed by extending one side of the polygon.
Angle CDY is an exterior angle to angle CDE
A B

F C

2 1

E D Y

Exterior Angle + Interior Angle of a regular polygon =180


0

Polygons
1200
600

600 600 1200

1200

Polygons
1200

1200

1200

Polygons
1200

1200
1200

Polygons
3600

Polygons
600

600

600

600

600

600

Polygons
600

600

600

600

600

600

Polygons
3
4

600
600

600
2
600

5
600
600

Polygons
3
4

600 600

600 2
600

5 600
600

Polygons
3
4

2
3600
5

1
6

Polygons
900
900

900

900

Polygons
900
900

900

900

Polygons
900
900

900

900

Polygons
3 2

3600

4 1

Polygons
No matter what type of
polygon we have, the sum of
the exterior angles is
ALWAYS equal to 360º.
  Sum of exterior angles = 360º

Polygons
In a regular polygon with ‘n’ sides

Sum of interior angles = (n -2) x 180


0

i.e. 2(n – 2) x right angles

Exterior Angle + Interior Angle =180


0

Each exterior angle = 360 /n


0

No. of sides = 360 /exterior angle


0

Polygons
Let us explore few more problems
• Find the measure of each interior angle of a polygon
with 9 sides.
• Ans : 140
0

• Find the measure of each exterior angle of a regular


decagon.
• Ans : 36
0

• How many sides are there in a regular polygon if


each interior angle measures 165 ?
0

• Ans : 24 sides
• Is it possible to have a regular polygon with an
exterior angle equal to 40 ?
0

• Ans : Yes

Polygons
Polygons DG
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