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    Autonomic Nervous System

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    jdf
    The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls many organs and muscles involuntarily. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters and is activated during fight or flight responses, increasing heart rate and relaxing bronchioles. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine and inhibits sympathetic functions like decreasing heart rate during rest. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis.

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    Autonomic Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    jdf
    35 views15 pages
    The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls many organs and muscles involuntarily. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters and is activated during fight or flight responses, increasing heart rate and relaxing bronchioles. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine and inhibits sympathetic functions like decreasing heart rate during rest. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis.

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    The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls many organs and muscles involuntarily. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters and is activated during fight or flight responses, increasing heart rate and relaxing bronchioles. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine and inhibits sympathetic functions like decreasing heart rate during rest. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views15 pages

    Autonomic Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    jdf
    The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls many organs and muscles involuntarily. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters and is activated during fight or flight responses, increasing heart rate and relaxing bronchioles. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine and inhibits sympathetic functions like decreasing heart rate during rest. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis.

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    AUTONOMIC NERVOUS

    SYSTEM
    Nervous System

    Central nervous Peripheral nervous


    system system

    Autono-
    Spinal Somatic
    Brain mic
    cord division
    division
    The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it
    controls many organs and muscles within the body

    In most situations, we are unaware of the workings of


    the ANS because it functions in an involuntary manner

    Ability to adapt to environmental stressors is


    compromised without ANS
    SOMATIC AUTONOMIC
    Voluntary Involuntary

    Innervates skeletal Innervates visceral


    muscle organs

    Release Release acetylcholine


    acetylcholine or noradrenaline
    SOMATIC AUTONOMIC
    Single efferent Two efferent neurons
    neuron

    Excitatory/Inhibitory
    Excitatory

    Controlled by
    Controlled by hypothalamus, pons
    cerebral cortex and medulla
    Autonomic outflow

    Divisions Origin of Fibers

    Sympathetic First thoracic to the third or


    fourth lumbar segments
    (Thoracolumbar) (T1 to L3 or L4)

    III, VII, IX & X cranial nerve


    Parasympathetic nuclei and second to fourth
    (Craniosacral) sacral segments
    (and S2,S3 & S4)
    • Preganglionic neuron – cell body is in the CNS, axon
    extends to the ganglion outside the CNS

    • Postganglionic neuron – cell body is in the ganglion, axon


    extends to the visceral effector

    Pre-ganglionic

    Post-ganglionic

    Ganglion
    Organization of ANS
    Sympathetic division

    Parasympathetic division
    NERVE FIBERS OF THE ANS

     Preganglionic neuron
    • Always myelinated
    • Neurotransmitter is always acetylcholine

    Postganglionic neuron
    • Always non myelinated
    • Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine or norepinephrine
    thoracolumbar division

    Short preganglionic neurons; long


    postganglionic neurons;
    SNS
    Preganglionic neurons secrete
    Acetylcholine onto nicotinic
    receptors
    Postganglionic neurons secrete
    norepinephrine on to alpha (α) or beta(ß)
    receptors

    SNS
    Target tissues are smooth muscle,
    cardiac muscle, endocrine glands;
    SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
    Dilates pupil
    Inhibits salivation

    Relaxes bronchi
    Accelerates heart beat
    Inhibits peristalsis and
    secretion
    Stimulates glucose production
    and release
    Secretion of adrenaline and
    noradrenaline
    Inhibits bladder contraction

    Contraction/ relaxation

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