Chapter 2 Sub 2

Input
Chapter 2 Sub 2 Objectives

Define input Explain how a digital camera works

Describe uses of PC video cameras,

List characteristics of a keyboard Web cams, and video conferencing

Describe different mouse types Discuss various scanners and reading

and how they work devices and how they work

Summarize how pointing devices work Explain the types of terminal

Explain how voice recognition works Summarize the various biometric devices

Describe various input devices Identify alternative input devices for

for PDAs, Tablet PCs, and smart phones physically challenged users
What Is Input?
The two basic types of input:
 Data
 Unprocessed text,
numbers, images,
audio, and video
 Instructions
 Programs
 Commands
 User responses

 An Input device is
any hardware component used
to enter data or instructions
 The Computer Keyboard
The keyboard areas
 Typing area
 Numeric keypad
 Function keys, special
keys that issue
commands
 Often used with other keys for shortcuts

Types of keyboards:
 Standard USB or PS1
 Wireless (communicates via a receiver)
 Built-in keyboards (notebooks)
 The Keyboard
Alternative forms for commands
 Many programs
allow you to use Key Menu |
Command Combination Command Button
key combination,
menu, or button Copy Shift+F2 or Edit | Copy
Ctrl+C
to obtain same
result Open Ctrl+F12 File | Open

Paste Ctrl+V Edit | Paste

The insertion point

 Blinking vertical bar that indicates where next
character you type will display
 Pointer changes location and shape
Pointing Devices
A mouse is:
 Pointing device that fits under palm of hand
 Pointing device controls movement of pointer, also called mouse
pointer
mouse buttons
wheel
 Mechanical mouse button

 has rubber or metal ball on

underside
Also ball
 Optical mouse (light)
 Laser mouse
 Wireless mouse

mouse pad
Pointing Devices Inside each optical mouse is a small camera
that takes more than a thousand snapshot
pictures every second. A small LED (light-
emitting diode) provides light underneath
The optical mouse: the mouse, helping to highlight slight
differences in the surface underneath the
mouse.
 No moving mechanical
parts inside
 Senses light to detect
mouse’s movement
 More precise than
mechanical mouse
 Connects using a
cable, or wireless
 Other Pointing Devices
A trackball is:
 A stationary pointing device with
a ball on its top
 To move pointer, rotate ball with
thumb, fingers, or palm of hand

A touch screen:
 Touch areas of screen with
finger or other device
 Often used with kiosks
 Latest Developments: micro-touch privacy
glass for liquid crystal displays
 Actual touch registers up to 1mm (0.04”) before
the physical touch on the Touch Surface.
 Surface acoustic wave touchscreens
http://www.neuro-logic.com/saw.htm
Other Pointing Devices
Touchpad and a pointing stick:
 Touchpad is small, flat,
rectangular pointing device
sensitive to pressure and motion
 Pointing stick is pointing device
shaped like pencil eraser
positioned between keys on
keyboard
Other Pointing Devices
Joystick and Wheel
 Joystick is vertical
lever mounted
on a base
 Wheel is
steering-wheel-type
input device
 Pedal simulates
car brakes and
accelerator
Other Pointing Devices
Light pen:
 Handheld input device that can
detect light
 The tip of the light pen contains a light-
sensitive element which, when placed
against the screen, detects the light from
the screen enabling the computer to
identify the location of the pen on the
screen.

Stylus:
A light pen can work with any
 Looks like a ballpoint pen, but CRT-based monitor, but cannot
uses pressure to write text and work with LCD screens,
draw lines projectors et cetera.
 Used with graphics tablets, flat
electronic boards
Voice Input
How does voice recognition work?
Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone. Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates
sound waves into digital measurements computer can
process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and
phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.

10010111010110101100001101

Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user with Step 3. Software compares spoken
a list of choices or uses a natural language component to measurements with those in its
predict most likely match. User may correct any selection database to find a match or list of
made by software. possible matches.

Natural Language Engine

Matches
Other Input
MIDI (musical instrument
digital interface):
 External device, such as
electronic piano keyboard,
to input music and sound
effects
 General MIDI's most
recognized feature is the
defined list of sounds or
"patches". However, General
MIDI does not actually define
the way the sound will be
reproduced, only the name of
that sound.
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
Entering data into a PDA:
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
A docking station is:
 An external device that
holds mobile computer
 It provides connections to
peripherals
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
What is a smart phone?
 Users can input and send text
messages, graphics, pictures,
video clips, and sound files
 Many have a built-in or
attachable camera
Digital Cameras
What is a digital camera?
 Allows you to take
digital pictures
 Images viewable
immediately on
camera if LCD screen is
provided
 Download image files to
computer
 Post pictures to Web
 Print (sometimes with
purpose built printer)
 Edit image files using
image editing software
Digital Cameras
How does a digital camera work? Step 3. CCD generates an analog
Step 1. Point to the image to Step 2. Image is focused on a chip signal that represents the image.
photograph and take picture. called a charge-coupled device
Light passes into the lens of the (CCD).
camera. Step 4. Analog signal is converted
to digital signal by analog-to-
digital converter (ADC).

Step 5. Digital signal processor

(DSP) adjusts quality of image and
usually stores digital image on
miniature mobile storage media in
the camera.

Step 6. Images are transferred to a

Step 7. Using software
computer’s hard disk by plugging one
supplied with the
end of the cable into a camera and the
camera, images are
other end into a computer; or images
viewed on screen,
are copied to hard disk from storage
incorporated into
media used in the camera.
documents, edited, and
printed.
Digital Cameras
Image resolution:
 Sharpness and clarity of
image
 The higher the resolution,
the better the image quality,
but the more expensive the
camera
 Pixel (picture element)
is single point in
electronic image
 Greater the number of pixels
allows better image quality
but also means larger image
file size
Video Input
Video input:
 The process of entering full-motion
images into computer
 A Video capture card is an
adapter card that converts
analog video signal into a
digital signal that computer
can use
 Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals
 Video Input
PC video camera & Web cam
 DV camera used to capture video
and still images, and to make
video telephone calls on Internet
 Also called PC camera
 Web cam — video camera
c c

whose output displays on

a Web page
Video conferencing:
 Is when two or more geographically separated
people who use network on Internet to transmit
audio and video data
Scanners and Reading Devices
Flatbed

What is a scanner?
 Light-sensing device that
reads printed text and Pen or

graphics Handheld

 Used for image processing,

converting paper documents
Sheet-fed
into electronic images

Drum
Scanners and Reading Devices
Flatbed scanner:
Step 1. Document to be scanned is
placed face down on the glass window.
Step 2. Bright light moves underneath
scanned document.
Step 3. Image of the document is
reflected into a series of mirrors.
Step 4. Light is
converted to
analog electrical
current that is Step 6. Users can print image,
converted to e-mail it, fax it, include it in a
digital signal by document, or place it on a Web page.
an analog-to-
digital converter Step 5. Digital information is sent to memory in the computer to
(ADC). be used by illustration, desktop publishing, or other software; or it
is stored on disk.
Scanners and Reading Devices
An optical reader is:
 Device that uses light source to read characters, marks,
and codes and then converts them into digital data
 Optical character recognition
(OCR) reads characters in
OCR font
 Optical mark recognition
(OMR) reads hand-drawn pencil
marks, such as small circles
 Bar code scanner
 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code reader?
 Uses laser beams to read bar codes
What is a bar code?
 Identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and
spaces of different widths
 Universal
Product
Code (UPC)

Some widely used

bar codes?
Scanners and Reading Devices
A Magnetic-ink character recognition
(MICR) reader:
 Can read text printed with magnetized ink
 Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
for check
processing
Scanners and Reading Devices
A data collection device:
 Obtains data directly at
location where transaction or
event takes place
 Transmits data over
network
or Internet
 Often used to assist in stock
control in supermarkets
Terminals
Point of sale (POS) terminal (s):
 Records purchases, processes credit or
debit cards, and updates inventory
 Swipe credit or debit card through card
reader — reads customer’s personal data
c c

from magnetic strip

Automated teller machine (ATM) (s):
 Self-service banking machine
that connects to a host
computer through a network
A smart display is:
 A thin monitor that detaches from
computer to function as
portable wireless touchscreen
Biometric Input
Biometrics are used when a system :
 Authenticates a person’s identity
by verifying personal
characteristic
 Fingerprint scanner captures
curves and indentations of
fingerprint
 Hand geometry system measures
shape and size of person’s hand
Biometric Input
What are examples of biometric technology?
 Voice verification system compares live
speech with stored voice pattern
 Signature verification system recognizes
shape of signature
 Retina & Iris recognition systems
 Biometric data is sometimes stored
on smart card, which stores
personal data on microprocessor
embedded in card
Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

What input devices are available

for those with physical limitations?
 Keyguard allows users to rest
hands on keyboard without
accidentally pressing keys
 Head-mounted pointer controls
pointer on screen
 New developments include gesture
recognition and computerized
implant devices
Summary of Input

Keyboard, mouse, and other

pointing devices
Scanners and reading devices
Voice input

Terminals
Input devices for PDAs, Tablet PCs,
and smart phones
Biometric input
Digital cameras
Input devices for physically
challenged users
Video Input

Chapter 2 Sub 2 Complete