Wind Turbines and Grids

Siemens Wind Power
Business Card
Morten Karulf, 38 years old

Grid Connection Specialist,
B.Sc.E.E.
Education
B.Sc., Electrical Power Engineering,

The Engineering College of Århus, 1999
Currently studying for a Master degree in Management of

Technology at Aalborg University, Denmark.
Wind Power Experience

Delta, May 2005
ABB, May 2006
Siemens Wind Power, May 2010
Morten Karulf © Siemens AG 2010

Slide 1 Morten Karulf, Grid Connection, Siemens Wind Power © Siemens AG 2010
Siemens Wind Power
Facts at a glance
Currently 5,800 employees globally (850 in 2004)
Deliveries: 2,500 MW in 2009 (600 MW in 2004)
Capacity: Growing with a solid double digit rate
Installed Base: > 8,700 turbines with > 11,000 MW capacity
Record Order Entry in FY 2009
No. 1 in new offshore orders in 2007, 2008 and 2009
Target: To become Top 3 supplier in 2012
Siemens offers complete solutions
for Wind Power from a single supplier
Siemens solutions to wind power
Wind Power (E R WP)

MV / HV-switchgear Cabling
Drive Technologies (I DT)
FACTS, transformer with MV / HV-cables
Power Transmission (E T)
substations
Installation
Custom Offerings:
Commissioning
Generator Service and
variable or fixed speed Maintenance
Gearbox
Blades
Nacelle
Wind turbine
Turnkey wind farms

Grid access, HVDC, HVDC PLUS
Recognized leader with 30 years of experience
in the wind industry
Siemens product portfolio track record
Multi-MW class
 Pitch technology with variable speed
 SWT-2.3-82VS/93/101: 2,241 WTG
 SWT-3.6-107: 190 WTG SWT-3.0-101 DD
SWT-3.6-120
MW class SWT-3.6-107
 CombiStall technology
 SWT-1.0-54: 356 WTG SWT-2.3-101
 SWT-1.3-62: 1,520 WTG SWT-2.3-93
 SWT-2.0-76: 165 WTG
 SWT-2.3-82: 506 WTG SWT-2.3-82 VS
SWT-2.3-82
SWT-2.0-76
SWT-1.3-62
SWT-1.0-54
SWT-3.0-101 DD:
Former product portfolio direct drive technology
Current product portfolio
Installed base worldwide: > 8,700 turbines with > 11.000 MW capacity
Siemens NetConverter® decouples the generator
from the grid
Siemens NetConverter® schematics
NetConverter®
Gearbox Transformer
G
Main
Main
circuit
Asynchronous breaker
Rotor generator Grid
 Gearbox increases shaft speed to over 1,000 rpm (variable speed)
 Asynchronous (induction) generator converts mechanical power to electric power

(AC)
 Siemens NetConverter® provides power conversion and grid support

 Generator-side converter converts variable-frequency AC to DC
 Grid-side converter converts DC to grid-frequency AC
Power System Network
Grid Code requirements are always related to the PCC
Wind Turbine
0.69 /33 kV 33 kV
Generator Converter WTG Trafo Busbar
132/400 kV 400/16 kV
33 kV
Wind Turbine Busbar
0.69 /33 kV 33 kV 33/132 kV 132 kV 132 kV
Generator Converter WTG Trafo Busbar Park Trafo Busbar PCC
Power Station
Wind Turbine
0.69 /33 kV 33 kV
Generator Converter WTG Trafo Busbar 132/50 kV 50/10 kV 10/0.4 kV
HPPP
Consumer
Grid codes require wind farms to behave like
conventional power plants
Common grid code requirements
Operation range
Operate within voltage and
frequency variation limits
Power quality Frequency control

Operate within harmonic Regulate power output to a
content and flicker limits defined level or according to
frequency deviations1)
Low Voltage Ride Through Voltage control

Withstand low-voltage events Regulate reactive power in
for several seconds without response to system voltage
tripping off variations 2)
Notes:
1) E.g. required in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, UK, Nordic grid code, etc.
2) E.g. required in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, UK, etc.
Siemens NetConverter® responds to grid codes
with maximum flexibility and top performance
Siemens NetConverter® Capabilities
Operation range
Accommodate a wide range of
frequency and voltage
disturbances
Power quality Active power control

Minimum harmonic content Multiple options to respond to
and flicker emission under-frequency and over-
frequency events
Low Voltage Ride Through Reactive power control

Advanced LVRT capabilities to Top reactive power
meet the most demanding grid capabilities, even at no wind 1)
codes
Notes:
1) Not available in US
Siemens NetConverter® enables the wind park to
participate in the system frequency control
Active power control
Power output curtailment

 Maximum flexibility for frequency Available output
power
regulation
 Power output curtailment to set
points according to frequency
Ramp rate
deviations Delivered control
 Ramp rate control output (MW/minute)
 Delta control time

Active power reserve
 Siemens wind parks can respond to

power
system over-frequency and under-
frequency events Delta control
time
Active Power Control - Frequency Control
Burbo Banks Wind Farm

Frequency Injection NG-P4 LFSM
80000 50,90
77500 50,80
75000 50,70
72500 50,60
70000 50,50
MW
Hz
67500 50,40
65000 50,30
62500 50,20
60000 50,10
57500 50,00
55000 49,90
19:36:00 19:36:30 19:37:00 19:37:30 19:38:00 19:38:30 19:39:00
time kW tot Freq Inj. Freq
Siemens wind parks can support grid voltage and
provide higher customer value
Reactive power control 1)
 Top capability for voltage regulation

 Wide power factor range
 Dynamic reactive power capabilities
 Reactive power control independent of active power
production
 Reactive power control even at no wind
 Reduced balance of plant costs by limiting or

completely eliminating grid reinforcement devices at
substation level
 Benefit from the remuneration of reactive power

production where applies 2)
Notes:
1) Not available in US
2) E.g. UK, Spain, Ireland, Canada (some provinces), Australia, etc.
Reactive Power Capability
 The figure shows the reactive power

capability for the SWT-3.6 VS Wind
Turbine on the 690 V terminals.
 Full reactive power support possible
 Curves are only limited by the rating

of the frequency converter
Siemens NetConverter® responds to grid faults in
accordance with the most demanding codes
Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)
 Advanced features to conform to the Example of possible LVRT response

different LVRT requirements
 Voltage dips down to zero volts
 Active and reactive power injection P
 Control of output during the entire

fault duration
 Independent phase control during
Q
asymmetric fault
time
 Robust system design with respect
to electrical and mechanical stress Reactive power
injection during fault
P = active power; Q = reactive power
Grid Code requirements
FRT - Fault Ride Through
 Overview of different FRT requests

1,2
0,8
Nationa Grid, UK
ESB, IRL
0,6
E.ON, D
Voltage
Energinet.dk
Svenska Kraftnät, S
RED Eléctrica, E
0,4
FERC, USA
Statnet, N
0,2
-0,2
-0,50 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
Time
Modeling and testing of turbines
FRT – Example from FRT with 3,6 MW Siemens Wind turbine
 Voltage dip down to zero percent
 Full reactive current contribution to support grid fault
Siemens NetConverter®: the enabling technology
for the integration of wind power in the grid
Management Summary
Siemens wind turbines not only produce power but also help
in reinforcing the grid
The Siemens NetConverter® features a wide range of available options

and parameters to comply with grid codes
The Siemens NetConverter® provides extra value to the client by

saving balance of plant costs, boosting revenues and reducing the turbine
wear and tear
Morten Karulf © Siemens AG 2010. All rights reserved.

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Siemens Wind Power

Morten Karulf, 38 years old

B.Sc., Electrical Power Engineering,

Currently studying for a Master degree in Management of

Wind Power Experience

ABB, May 2006

Siemens Wind Power, May 2010

Morten Karulf © Siemens AG 2010

Currently 5,800 employees globally (850 in 2004)

Deliveries: 2,500 MW in 2009 (600 MW in 2004)

Capacity: Growing with a solid double digit rate

Installed Base: > 8,700 turbines with > 11,000 MW capacity

Record Order Entry in FY 2009

No. 1 in new offshore orders in 2007, 2008 and 2009

Target: To become Top 3 supplier in 2012

Wind Power (E R WP)

Turnkey wind farms

 Gearbox increases shaft speed to over 1,000 rpm (variable speed)

 Asynchronous (induction) generator converts mechanical power to electric power

 Siemens NetConverter® provides power conversion and grid support

Power quality Frequency control

Low Voltage Ride Through Voltage control

Power quality Active power control

Low Voltage Ride Through Reactive power control

Power output curtailment

 Delta control time

 Siemens wind parks can respond to

Burbo Banks Wind Farm

time kW tot Freq Inj. Freq

 Top capability for voltage regulation

 Reduced balance of plant costs by limiting or

 Benefit from the remuneration of reactive power

 The figure shows the reactive power

 Full reactive power support possible

 Curves are only limited by the rating

 Advanced features to conform to the Example of possible LVRT response

 Control of output during the entire

P = active power; Q = reactive power

FRT - Fault Ride Through

 Overview of different FRT requests

FRT – Example from FRT with 3,6 MW Siemens Wind turbine

 Voltage dip down to zero percent

 Full reactive current contribution to support grid fault

The Siemens NetConverter® features a wide range of available options

The Siemens NetConverter® provides extra value to the client by

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