Prof (DR) Francis Xavier: Kerala Agricultural University

Prof(Dr) Francis Xavier
Head, CBF Research Station
Kerala Agricultural University
* Rapid development and urbanization * Constant change in consumption pattern * Social behaviour and uncivil attitude
Average daily per capita generation comes to 0.178 kg 0.034 kg for Koothuparamba to 0.707 kg for Thalassery
(CESS, 2001; Padmalal & Maya, 2002; Varma &Dileepkumar, 2004).
MSW generation varies between 0.21-0.35 kg/capita/day in the urban centres MSW of 0.5 kg/capita/day in large cities (NEERI, 1996).
Climate change, from anthropogenic emissions and wastes Fossil fuel use Agricultural and industrial activities, Deforestation
On farm disposal of Livestock waste in Kerala Burial
(labour intensive, carelessness attract carnivores) (need an incinerator ,costly, labour intensive) (carnivores dig it out, pollute water bodies ) (seepage, attract public protest ,carnivores) (Existing methods not user friendly)
Incineration Pit disposal
Sanitary land fill
Traditional Composting
Farm type
Condition of manure (%)
Method of disposal (%)
Odour
Fly problem
Dry
Wet
Agri use
Bio gas
Disposed
evaluation
Seasonally yes
Dairy shed
10
90
65
30
Odour
Seasonally yes
Dry Shed
20
80
95
00
Odour
Seasonally yes
Heifer shed
20
80
95
00
odour
Seasonally yes
Calf shed
15
85
95
00
odour
Seasonally yes
Others
mixed
Thrown outside
At times
Yes
COMPOSTING
Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions. M e s o p se: U h 3 TYPES gen y x i on O l ed Bas re: c tu robi era e p 1. A em obic T er on Ana 2. d ase B :
1.
do ase B gic ol o hn Tec n w ch roa pp al A
ro ind d /W ile lose p c nc tati l /E S ca 1. ani ch Me 2.
Thumburmuzhy
Model Aerobic
Composting
for Rural Waste Management
THUMBURMUZHY AEROBIC COMPOST
RURAL TECHNOLOGY Developed by CBF Thumburmuzhy
m fro tions d ate opera er en arm g te k f s Wa stoc e Liv
e e nur r wast Ma de Fodcenta h um Pla er birt ves rialst-mort Aft ad cal mate os De l birth after p Stil case Car
Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Composting

Aerobic Composting
Oxygen present Low methane emission No bad smell High heat generated Rapid decomposition Lower salinity
Anaerobic Composting
Oxygen absent High methane emission Disagreeable odour Less heat generated Slow decomposition Higher salinity.
Aerobic composting Vs Vermi composting
Less labour needed High layer temperature Less time required
Labour intensive No temperature rise More time for composting Worms care and sustainability a must
Aerobic composting takes place in the presence of ample oxygen. Temperature rises rapidly in the waste. In this process the temperature rises to 70 to 80 C. pathogens and weed seeds. Every waste in the farm can be utilized as a raw material for the compost making and every material are put in the compost with the layers of dung. By the time the composting is completed the material become dark brown in color. This peak temperature kills the
70 to 75 degrees Celsius
Thumburmuzhy Composting Aerobic Layering
Select an ideal space. roof in monsoon
3 models were researched for economic feasibility at CBF
Floor can be Ferro cement slabs
Why Thumburmuzhy Composting?

Environment friendly No disagreeable odours Organic waste converted to a value added product Improves soil stability and fertility Less area requirement Less expensive Pathogens free
Aerobic composting takes place in the presence of ample oxygen.
.
.
Temperature rises rapidly in the waste. This peak temperature kills the pathogens and weed seeds Every waste in the farm can be utilized as a raw material
By the time the composting is completed the material become dark brown in colour.
Layers of Dung carbon source and organic waste
Cow dung + Carbon source + Organic waste + moisture C:N ratio = 20:1 Moisture content = 60% Temperature to be checked fortnightly
.90 days for composting in Thumburmuzhy model at Kerala agro climatic conditions
LOCUS bankit1371318524 bpDNA linear ENV 12-JUL-2010 DEFINITION16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.
ACCESSION 1371318 VERSION KEYWORDSENV. SOURCEUnculturedAlistipes sp ORGANISMUnculturedAlistipes sp Unclassified. REFERENCE 1(bases 1 to 524) AUTHORS Girija,D., Francis,X., Deepa,K., Sunil,E., Irin,A. and Jisharaj,K. TITLE Molecular diversity of bacteria in cow dung REFERENCE 2(bases 1 to 524)
AUTHORS Girija,D., Francis,X., Deepa,K., Sunil,E., Irin,A. and Jisharaj,K.

TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (12-JUL-2010) Agricultural Microbiology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India &CBF Thumburmuzhy FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source1..524 /organism="UnculturedAlistipes sp" /mol type="genomic DNA" /isolation source="Cow dung" /environmental sample /country="India" /identified by="Dr. D. Girija" /PCR_primers="fwd_seq: caggcctaacacatgcaagtc, rev_seq: gggcggwgtgtacaaggc" /metagenomic BASE COUNT139 a119 c138 g128 t ORIGIN 1 gtttgatcct ggctcaggat gaacgctagc ggcaggctta acacatgcaa gtcgaggggc
The Thumburmuzhy fodder grown organically
Thumburmuzhy Model aerobic compost

No fly menace or odour due to high temperature High temperature retained for about one week Decomposed wastes settle down No seepage Manure can be taken within 12-15 weeks Manure can be priced about Rs. 5 / kg
Harvested compost
A new layering system for Kerala Agro zones New cost effective construction technique Suitable for composting the animal waste and carcass Not labour intensive Minimum care needed Less methane and carbon dioxide so Ecofriendly
Three cost effective models developed at CBF Thumburmuzhy ,KAU by Dr Francis Xavier & Team Professor and Head Mail : fx@jananeethi.org
VIP AND NS IBITIO EXH ost comp
the ewing S vi SITOR VI
DR FRANCIS XAVIER PROFESSOR & HEAD,CBF THUMBURMUZHY,KONNAKUZ HY.P.O CHALKUDY,THRISSUR E mail: fx @ jananeethi.org Phone;0480 2746065 Mob;9447131598

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Prof (DR) Francis Xavier: Kerala Agricultural University

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Prof(Dr) Francis Xavier

Head, CBF Research Station

Kerala Agricultural University

On farm disposal of Livestock waste in Kerala Burial

Incineration Pit disposal

Sanitary land fill

Condition of manure (%)

Method of disposal (%)

ro ind d /W ile lose p c nc tati l /E S ca 1. ani ch Me 2.

for Rural Waste Management

THUMBURMUZHY AEROBIC COMPOST

RURAL TECHNOLOGY Developed by CBF Thumburmuzhy

m fro tions d ate opera er en arm g te k f s Wa stoc e Liv

Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Composting

Aerobic composting Vs Vermi composting

Less labour needed High layer temperature Less time required

Thumburmuzhy Composting Aerobic Layering

Select an ideal space. roof in monsoon

3 models were researched for economic feasibility at CBF

Floor can be Ferro cement slabs

Why Thumburmuzhy Composting?

Aerobic composting takes place in the presence of ample oxygen.

Layers of Dung carbon source and organic waste

AUTHORS Girija,D., Francis,X., Deepa,K., Sunil,E., Irin,A. and Jisharaj,K.

The Thumburmuzhy fodder grown organically

Thumburmuzhy Model aerobic compost

VIP AND NS IBITIO EXH ost comp

the ewing S vi SITOR VI

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