JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVE

Objective of the Job Safety Analysis is to have a task/ job-based risk

assessment process in place that identifies, evaluates and controls the
risks associated with work activities, and as a result, prevents those
involved in the task or those potentially affected by the task, from being
harmed. In other words, by doing a job safety analysis (JSA), the potential
hazards for a specific job are identified before they occur and the safest
way to perform the job is recommended.
 DESIRED OUTCOMES

• Anticipating what might go wrong and devising back-up controls.

• Preventing incidents and injuries

• Get organized to do the job in the right way and more efficiently.

• Create procedures that can be used by everyone.

• Get people in the habit of working safely.

 WHAT DOES A JSA INVOLVE
• Determining the scope of the job.

• Listing the steps in the job.

• Identifying possible hazards in each step.

• Identify and Addressing the mechanism by which a hazard works.

• Determining who and/or what is at potential risk.

• Describing the recommended safe way to do the job in order to

prevent incidents and injuries.
 MAIN STEPS IN A JSA

1. Forming a JSA team.

2. Describe the job and the sequence of job steps

3. Identification of the potential hazards of each step

4. Determine who and/or what is at potential risk

5. Description of the recommended safe job procedure

6. Identification of what might go wrong

7. Identification of back up controls

 FORMATION OF TEAM
Team members shall consist of:
• Person/Team who do the work. The number of team members will
depend on and vary with the complexity of the job. If the job is done
by a multi-disciplinary team, one member at least from each
discipline.
• Person(s) supervising the job. (Foreman/ Overman)
• Person (Specialist/Consultant) with technical knowledge.
• Person with safety knowledge who may act as facilitator. (Relevant
Workmen Inspector(s))
• Area in-charge/ Area maintenance and operation engineer.
• Safety Officer.
 JOB DESCRIPTION
• Job description should be clear. E.g. ‘Maintenance of LHD’ is too
vague and covers a number of activities. Better option is ‘Routine pre-
shift maintenance of LHD’ or ‘100 Hrs maintenance of LHD’ as some
activities may be common but other activities may be different and
will need separate JSA’s.
• If the same job is done at different locations, different JSA’s are
required if the conditions are different. E.g. ‘Changing a Dumper tyre
in workshop’ and ‘Changing a Dumper tyre at field’. The former is a
planned exercise under controlled conditions and the latter is a job
where the conditions may not be favorable and job has to be done
wherever the Dumper is standing and JSA will have to include
transporting men and equipment from workshop to site.
 SEQUENCE OF JOB STEPS
• JSA should be done at the worksite where the particular work is
done.
• Pick up your point of start- It may be from the time the persons
report for duty or starts performing the job.
• Steps should be clear- Neither to large or too small. e.g.
Dismounting an engine is too large and is a job by itself, loosening a
nut is too small a job and will increase the size of the JSA to
unmanageable levels.
• Last step is when the job is over and the equipment is handed over
and persons doing the job have vacated the worksite.
IDENTIFYING POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN EACH STEP
This is the most important part of JSA. To identify hazards,
brainstorming is required for each step of the job. The previous history
of similar jobs must be studied.
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CAN BE ASKED FOR HAZARD FINDING:
• What can go wrong?
• What could be the possible consequences?
• How it could happen?
• What are the contributing factors?
• What is the probability of the hazard occurring?
• What safety measures are in place right now?
 HAZARDS AS SOURCES OF ENERGY
Gravity: It is a naturally occurring energy which causes things or people to fall or move
downhill. Includes roof/rib-back/side, high/low wall elevated equipment, and people working at
heights.
E.g. Falls of things, falls of people, uncontrolled movement of equipment.
Electrical: includes all types and voltages of electricity from HV to batteries to induction, static,
capacitor discharge.
E.g. Contact, induction, arcing.
Mechanical: It includes mobile equipment as well as moving parts in stationary equipment.
E.g. Caught in, hit by, collisions (hazards such as vehicle collisions, caught in moving equipment,
hit by moving machinery, machine vibration, etc.)
Chemical: energy in the form of gases, liquids, solids of which some are natural e.g. water,
methane, coal whilst others are introduced e.g. acetylene, solvents, explosives, cyanide.
E.g. Acid from batteries.
 HAZARDS AS SOURCES OF ENERGY

Pressure: It includes pneumatic, hydraulic, springs.

E.g. Release or explosion of air, water, hydraulics or mechanical items under pressure (including noise)
(minerals hazards such as pneumatic/tyre failures, hydraulic pressure releases, spring pressure release,
excessive noise, etc.)

Noise: is also pressure energy but as the most significant compensated health issue is considered
separately.
E.g. Hazards include not able to communicate, fatigue

Thermal: Energy that comes from hot or cold surfaces.

E.g. Hot engine parts.

Body Mechanics: This includes the human bodies own energy to move which includes lifting, pushing,
pulling, climbing, positioning.
E.g. The body’s mechanical energy that slips, trips, strains, sprains (Manual handling, poor
housekeeping, poor access, poor work positions, etc.)
DETERMINE WHO AND/OR WHAT IS AT
POTENTIAL RISK

Once the potential hazard in each step is determined, the next step
shall be to determine which are the persons who are at risk or
equipment or structure which are at risk due to each potential hazard
identified for each step.
 RECOMMENDING THE SAFE WAY TO DO THE JOB

Once the potential hazard and the risk involved are determined, the next step is to
recommend ways to mitigate the risk and do the job safely. Please note that all jobs
involve risk and it cannot be totally eliminated. The level of risk can only be
reduced to practical/ acceptable levels. The following steps are normally followed
in job safety analysis for hazard elimination or reducing its impact –
• Eliminate the hazard where possible
• Substitute the hazard
• Isolate the hazard
• Use of Engineering Controls to prevent the hazard
• Use of administrative controls
• Use of personal protective equipment.
 JSA TEMPLATE

Name of Mine:
Area & Subsidiary:
JSA REFERENCE No:
Job Description:
Date of exercise:
Team Members: Name & Designation
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________ (Subject Expert)
7. _____________________________________________ (Workmen’s Inspector(s))
 J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (EXAMPLE)
S.N STEPS OF POTENTIAL HAZARD OF RISK CONTROL/SAFETY MEASURE
OPERATION EVERY SEQUENCE/STEP 
 
1  Parking of Tipper  Presence of persons on Runover of persons. Area should be clearly designated. No persons
ground should be allowed on foot in the area. All
  persons should wear fluorescent jackets.
 Rolling of vehicle 1. Damage to vehicle 1. Area for changing tyre should be level.
2. Damage to other vehicles/ 2. Operator should engage parking brake.
structure. 3. Operator should switch off ignition switch
3. Runover of persons. and handover key to maintenance gang
supervisor.
4. maintenance gang should place blocks
around wheels immediately on receiving
vehicle.
5. They should check that the parking brake
is engaged.

2 Placing blocks  Fall of Block on persons Impact wound, Fractures  Block should be handled carefully. It should
around wheels be free from oil and grease. Mechanics should
wear gloves and shoes with Toe protection.
 J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (Contd.)
S.N STEPS OF OPERATION POTENTIAL HAZARD OF EVERY RISK CONTROL/SAFETY MEASURE
SEQUENCE/STEP 
 

3  Placing of lifting jack. 1. Fall of Block on persons. Impact wound, Piercing wound, Time should be given for hot parts to
2. Hitting of head in confined space. Fractures, Burns. cool or should be cooled using water
  3. Burn from hot parts or covered with material to prevent
coming in contact with skin. Jack
should be handled carefully. It should
be free from oil and grease. Mechanics
should wear gloves and shoes with
Toe protection. Helmet for head
protection with chin strap.

4  Raising of vehicle 1. Slipping of Jack. 1. Runover of persons. 1. Preferably 2-piece hydraulic jack
2. Lower capacity jack. 2. Impact wound, Piercing wound, should be used.
3. Jack is not proper. Fractures to persons 2. Persons should not be under
4. Rolling of vehicle. 3. Damage to vehicle body of tipper during lifting.
4. Damage to other vehicles or 3. Maintenance gang should check
structure. blocks around wheels during
lifting.
 
4. The jack should be of sufficient
capacity and checked by
supervisor before use.
 J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (Contd.)
S.N STEPS OF OPERATION POTENTIAL HAZARD OF EVERY RISK CONTROL/SAFETY MEASURE
SEQUENCE/STEP 
 

5 Removal of Wheel- 1. Slipping of wheel wrench. 1. Runover of persons. 1. Preferably Pneumatic wrench should be
Lugs. 2. Sticking of nut. 2. Impact wound, Piercing wound, used.
3. Shearing of bolt. Fractures to persons 2. If not, available wrench should be
4. Slipping of Jack. 3. Damage to vehicle checked out properly for wear by
5. Rolling of vehicle. 4. Damage to other vehicles or supervisor before use. Pressure on
structure. wrench should be applied judiciously.
3. Persons should not be under body of
 
tipper during lifting.
4. Maintenance gang should check blocks
around wheels regularly during work.

6 Removal of Tyre. 1. Fall of tyre on persons. 1. Runover of persons. 1. Two people shall handle tyre at all
2. Rolling of vehicle. 2. Impact wound, Fractures to times.
3. Slipping of Jack. persons 2. Persons should not be under body of
3. Damage to vehicle tipper.
4. Damage to another vehicle or 3. Checking of blocks around wheels
structure. regularly during work.
 J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (Contd.)
S.N STEPS OF POTENTIAL HAZARD OF EVERY RISK CONTROL/SAFETY MEASURE
OPERATION SEQUENCE/STEP 
 

7 Fitting of new Fall of tyre on persons. 1. Runover of persons. Two people shall handle tyre at all times.
Tyre. Rolling of vehicle. 2. Impact wound, Fractures to Persons should not be under body of
Slipping of Jack. persons tipper.
3. Damage to vehicle Checking of blocks around wheels
4. Damage to another vehicle or regularly during work.
structure. .

8 Fitting of Wheel- 1. Slipping of wheel wrench. 1. Runover of persons. Preferably Pneumatic spanner should be
Lugs. 2. Shearing of bolt. 2. Impact wound, Piercing wound, used.
3. Slipping of Jack. Fractures to persons If not, available wrench should be checked
4. Rolling of vehicle. 3. Damage to vehicle out properly for wear by supervisor.
4. Damage to other vehicles or Pressure on wrench should be applied
structure. judiciously.
Persons should not be under body of
 
tipper during lifting.
Maintenance gang should check blocks
around wheels regularly during work.
 J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (Contd.)
S.N STEPS OF OPERATION POTENTIAL HAZARD OF EVERY RISK CONTROL/SAFETY MEASURE
SEQUENCE/STEP 
 

9  Lowering of vehicle 1. Slipping of Jack. Runover of persons. Persons should not be under
2. Rolling of vehicle. Impact wound, Piercing wound, body of tipper during lifting.
Fractures to persons. Maintenance gang should check
Damage to vehicle blocks around wheels during
Damage to other vehicles or lifting.
structure.

10  Removal of tools  Tripping Hazard, Runover of Impact wound, Piercing wound, Before handing over vehicle,
tools by vehicle causing violent Fractures to persons. supervisor should ensure that
ejection of tools nothing is inadvertently left on the
work area.

11  Handover of vehicle  Vehicle handled by Damage to vehicle  Supervisor should hand over
unauthorised person Damage to other vehicles/ vehicle only to Authorised persons.
structure.
Runover of persons.
J S A FOR CHANGE OF TYRE OF TIPPER (Contd.)

Signature of team member with date Signature of team member with date

Signature of team member with date Signature of team member with date

Signature of team member with date Signature of team member with date
 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CHANGE OF
TYRE IN WORKSHOP
1. The area where tyre is to be changed should be clearly designated and
demarcated. No persons should be allowed on foot in the area.
2. The area for changing tyre should be level.
3. Operator should engage parking brake, switch off ignition switch
before alighting from vehicle.
4. Operator should handover key only to maintenance gang supervisor.
5. Mechanics should wear gloves and shoes with Toe protection. Helmet
for head protection with chin strap.
6. Maintenance gang should place blocks around wheels immediately on
receiving vehicle. Block should be handled carefully. It should be free
from oil and grease.
 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CHANGE OF
TYRE IN WORKSHOP
7. Maintenance gang should check that the parking brake is engaged
before starting work.
8. Time should be given for hot parts to cool or should be cooled using
water or covered with material to prevent coming in contact with
skin.
9. Jack should be handled carefully. It should be free from oil and
grease.
10. Preferably 2-piece hydraulic jack should be used. The jack should be
of sufficient capacity and checked by supervisor before use.
11. Persons should not be under body of tipper during lifting of vehicle,
changing of tyre and lowering of vehicle.
 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CHANGE OF
TYRE IN WORKSHOP
12. Maintenance gang should check blocks around wheels during lifting,
changing of tyre and lowering of vehicle.
13. Preferably Pneumatic wrench should be used. If not, available
wrench should be checked out properly for wear by supervisor.
14.Pressure on wrench should be applied judiciously.
15.Two people shall handle tyre at all times.
16.Before handing over vehicle, supervisor should ensure that nothing
is inadvertently left on the work area.
17.Supervisor should hand over vehicle only to Authorised persons.
DUTIES OF PERSONS FOR CHANGE OF TYRE
IN WORKSHOP
1) TIPPER OPERATOR:

 
a) Operator should engage parking brake, switch off ignition switch
before alighting from vehicle.
b) Operator should handover key only to maintenance gang supervisor.
DUTIES OF PERSONS FOR CHANGE OF TYRE IN
WORKSHOP
2. SUPERVISOR:

a) The lifting jack should be checked by supervisor before use.

b) Tyre wrench should be checked out properly for wear by supervisor.
c) Before handing over vehicle, supervisor should ensure that nothing is
inadvertently left on the work area.
d) Supervisor should hand over vehicle only to Authorised persons.
 DUTIES OF PERSONS FOR CHANGE OF TYRE IN
WORKSHOP
3. TYRE CHANGING GANG:
a) Mechanics should wear gloves and shoes with Toe protection. Helmet for
head protection with chin strap.
b) Maintenance gang should place blocks around wheels immediately on
receiving vehicle. Block should be handled carefully. It should be free from
oil and grease.
c) Maintenance gang should check that the parking brake is engaged before
starting work.
d) Time should be given for hot parts to cool or should be cooled using water
or covered with material to prevent coming in contact with skin.
 DUTIES OF PERSONS FOR CHANGE OF TYRE IN
WORKSHOP
a) Jack should be handled carefully. It should be free from oil and grease.
b) Preferably 2-piece hydraulic jack should be used. The jack should be of
sufficient capacity.
c) Persons should not be under body of tipper during lifting of vehicle, changing
of tyre and lowering of vehicle.
d) Maintenance gang should check blocks around wheels during lifting, changing
of tyre and lowering of vehicle.
e) Preferably Pneumatic wrench should be used.
f) Pressure on wrench should be applied judiciously.
g) Two people shall handle tyre at all times.
 ‘Take 5’
1. Stop, stand back and observe
• Does this work present any hazards?
• Have I done this job before?
• What other work is going on around
me?
• Should this be discussed with my
supervisors or workmates?
• What signs do I need to obey?
 ‘Take 5’
2. Think through the task

• What hazards do I know about?

• Is there a chance of creating new hazards?
• Is there a potential for injury, damage of equipment
or property?
• Is the task ‘standard’, or is there a change/deviation
from the normal way of doing the task?
 ‘Take 5’
3. Identify hazards
• Are there any significant hazards?
• Can I come into contact with such things as electricity, gas,
compressed air, noise, heavy objects, falling objects, vehicles,
mechanical parts, high / low temperatures or things under
pressure or tension?
• Is the area cluttered, untidy or dirty?
• Are there any obstacles – trips and slips?
• Is this routine, or has there been a change?
 ‘Take 5’
4. Assess and control risks
• Do I need to isolate any energy sources?
• If so, does it need to be approved before I start work?
• What must I do to protect my workmates and myself?
• What equipment do I need to work safely?
• Is eye protection needed?
• Is hearing protection needed?
• Is respiratory protection needed, e.g. a dust mask?
• Do I need gloves?
• Does everyone understand the controls?
 ‘Take 5’
5. Continually monitor the situation
 Q: Is the risk as low as reasonably practicable?
 Stay alert for changes in the situation
 Think ahead (hazards) and eliminate risks before they
cause a problem. For example:
 Could changing weather conditions affect safety?
 Is fatigue becoming a factor?
 Are the controls in place still effective?
 STOP – IF UNCERTAIN CONSULT A SUPERVISOR
 IF SURE GO ON WITH THE JOB