Geological Methods PPT

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CHAPTER 5:

GEOLOGICAL
METHODS
PREPARED BY: CINDY JOANA T. PATRONO BSCE-2C
TYPES OF GEOLOGICAL METHODS:

01. SURFACE EXPLORATION SUB-SURFACE


02. EXPLORATION

A) AERIAL SURVEYS A) DIRECT METHOD

B) PHOTOGEOLOGY B) INDIRECT METHOD

C) HYDROGEOLOGICAL
SURVEYS
SURFACE EXPLORATION
01. -include preparation of
topographic maps using
the normal mapping
techniques. In fact, all field
surveys begin with the
preparation (or
availability) of topographic
maps showing elevation
contours relative to some
datum.
A) AERIAL SURVEYS
The entire area involving an
engineering study is
photographed using
sophisticated cameras and
controls from low flying
aeroplanes.

B) PHOTOGEOLOGY
Its scope is enlarged by
mapping of vast areas of the
globe through satellites.
C) HYDROGEOLOGICAL SURVEYS

To obtain hydrogeological details of the area are


also conducted partly on the surface with a
view of recording of a drainage pattern of the
area and discharge; location and discharge
details of springs and other leakage points;
location of wells and measurements of water
levels after intervals to note aberrations in
behavior with time; precipitation and
evaporation details.
02. SUB-SURFACE EXPLORATIONS

A) DIRECT METHOD: B) INDIRECT METHOD


-Involve examination of rocks or -Used extensively and involved
materials of the underground by application of geophysical
digging of drill holes, trial pits, techniques for obtaining fairly
adits, shafts, galleries, and accurate idea of subsurface
exploratory tunnels. geology.
IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGICAL
METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING:

Geological exploration is governed by regulations,


guidelines, and best management practices to protect and
preserve the environment. Exploring undeveloped areas with
attention to environmental needs can minimize
environmental impacts and allow economic development and
nature preservation to coexist.

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