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    Introduction To Human Anatomy Lecture 1 A

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    Sam Mumo
    This document provides a brief history of anatomy and dissection. It discusses how early Greeks believed illness was caused by imbalances of bodily humors. It then outlines key figures like Hippocrates, Galen, Da Vinci, and Vesalius who advanced the scientific study of anatomy through dissection. The document notes challenges like the lack of cadavers available for dissection due to religious beliefs. It describes how executed criminals' bodies were used and the rise of body snatching to supply cadavers to medical schools.

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    Introduction To Human Anatomy Lecture 1 A

    Uploaded by

    Sam Mumo
    7 views18 pages
    This document provides a brief history of anatomy and dissection. It discusses how early Greeks believed illness was caused by imbalances of bodily humors. It then outlines key figures like Hippocrates, Galen, Da Vinci, and Vesalius who advanced the scientific study of anatomy through dissection. The document notes challenges like the lack of cadavers available for dissection due to religious beliefs. It describes how executed criminals' bodies were used and the rise of body snatching to supply cadavers to medical schools.

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    Introduction to Human Anatomy Lecture 1 A

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    This document provides a brief history of anatomy and dissection. It discusses how early Greeks believed illness was caused by imbalances of bodily humors. It then outlines key figures like Hippocrates, Galen, Da Vinci, and Vesalius who advanced the scientific study of anatomy through dissection. The document notes challenges like the lack of cadavers available for dissection due to religious beliefs. It describes how executed criminals' bodies were used and the rise of body snatching to supply cadavers to medical schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views18 pages

    Introduction To Human Anatomy Lecture 1 A

    Uploaded by

    Sam Mumo
    This document provides a brief history of anatomy and dissection. It discusses how early Greeks believed illness was caused by imbalances of bodily humors. It then outlines key figures like Hippocrates, Galen, Da Vinci, and Vesalius who advanced the scientific study of anatomy through dissection. The document notes challenges like the lack of cadavers available for dissection due to religious beliefs. It describes how executed criminals' bodies were used and the rise of body snatching to supply cadavers to medical schools.

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    You are on page 1of 18

    INTRODUCTION TO

    ANATOMY
    MWANGI K J (MSc Anat,Bsc Clin Med)
    Early Greeks
    Greeks explained illness in terms of the 4 body humors (fluids).
    • Thought the humors were governed by air, water, fire, and earth
    • Healthy person had all four humors in balance.
    Many “doctors” practiced by trial and error. If they made a lot of
    errors, people quit going to them.
    Socles, a physician, treated a hunchback by piling three solid stones,
    each four feet square, on his spine. He was crushed and died, but he
    became straighter
    Hippocrates (460 to 379 BC)
    • Early Greek physician
    • Believed that illness had a
    physical cause
    • Rejected superstitions
    • Based medical treatments
    on observations
    Role of Religion

    • Many religions influenced the study of the body.


    • Against church doctrine to dissect a human.
    Claudius Galen (120 to 200)

    • Roman physician,
    “team doctor” for the
    gladiators.
    • Kept them alive so they
    could fight again.
    • Did not dissect humans, but did
    extensive work on pigs and monkeys.
    • His mistake was to assume that humans
    and animals were identical internally.
    • His writings were taken as “law” for
    hundred of years.
    Early anatomical
    drawing based
    on
    misinformation.
    Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 to 1519)

    • Artists in Renaissance period interested in human form, so


    studied anatomy.
    • Da Vinci made hundreds of anatomically correct drawings.
    He dissected bodies in secret.
    • He dissected human cadavers, sawed and analyzed bones,
    and prepared models, which drew from various perspectives
    to produce 3- D images of the organs.
    Andreas Vesalius (1514 to 1564)

    Barber surgeon (combination barber, dentist, doctor).


    Got special permission from the Pope to dissect
    criminals.
    First scientist to understand human anatomy.
    Wrote the first accurate book on human anatomy –
    Fabrica.
    Shortage of cadavers

    • In England and Scotland, medical schools began to open.


    • No one donated bodies to science – churchgoers believed
    in literal rising from grave, so dissection spoiled chances
    of resurrection.
    • Became a tradition to rely on executed prisoners, even up
    to 18th and 19th centuries.
    Serious Crimes
    • The added punishment of being dissected after
    death was considered another deterrent from crime.
    • Ex. – Steal a pig: you were hung
    • Kill a person: you were hung and dissected
    • Anatomists were often associated with executioners.
    • Because they needed body parts, anatomists at
    medical school bought odd things.
    • A man could sell the leg of his son if it had to be
    amputated
    William Harvey (English)
    Circa 1590

    • “Father of Anatomy”; studied circulatory


    system
    • Harvey dissected his own freshly dead family
    members (his father and sister) before burial.
    Grave Robbing

    • Some medical students raided grave yards;


    some professors did also.
    • In certain Scottish schools in 1700s, you
    could trade a corpse for your tuition.
    Resurrectionists
    • By 1828 in London, body snatchers (or
    resurrectionists) provided the medical schools with
    corpses.
    • Not a crime; a dead body could not be owned or
    stolen.
    • (Anatomy studies were only conducted from October
    to May to avoid stench of decomposition.)
    • Wealthy people chose to be buried in iron cages,
    some covered in concrete. Also churches built “dead
    houses” which were locked and guarded.
    William Burke and William Hare
    Circa 1828

    • 2 resurrectionists
    • Hare owned a boarding house; he occasionally killed a
    border who was late on rent. (Killed 15 of them)
    • Did it by pressing pillow to man’s face while Burke lay his
    body weight on top of victim. Became known as “Burking.”
    • Bones made into skeletons for medical school. Skin used to
    make wallets.
    • Anatomy Act of 1832 – bodies of poor
    who were not claimed for burial could
    be used by anatomists.
    • Operated under this same concept
    until recently.
    • Donations are on the rise.

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