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    From Hunting-Gathering To Growing Food (Recovered)

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    Shafeena Areef
    Hunter-gatherers lived in the Indian subcontinent 2 million years ago and obtained food by hunting wild animals, catching fish, and gathering plant foods. As the climate changed around 12,000 years ago, grasslands developed and people began domesticating plants like wheat and barley and animals like sheep and goats. This led to more settled agricultural and herding lifestyles. Archaeological sites provide evidence of early farming through remains of houses, storage pits, cooking areas, stone tools, and pottery. One such site is Mehrgarh in modern-day Pakistan, where remains show the early domestication of crops and animals.

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    From Hunting-Gathering To Growing Food (Recovered)

    Uploaded by

    Shafeena Areef
    118 views29 pages
    Hunter-gatherers lived in the Indian subcontinent 2 million years ago and obtained food by hunting wild animals, catching fish, and gathering plant foods. As the climate changed around 12,000 years ago, grasslands developed and people began domesticating plants like wheat and barley and animals like sheep and goats. This led to more settled agricultural and herding lifestyles. Archaeological sites provide evidence of early farming through remains of houses, storage pits, cooking areas, stone tools, and pottery. One such site is Mehrgarh in modern-day Pakistan, where remains show the early domestication of crops and animals.

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    From Hunting-gathering to Growing Food [Recovered]

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    Hunter-gatherers lived in the Indian subcontinent 2 million years ago and obtained food by hunting wild animals, catching fish, and gathering plant foods. As the climate changed around 12,000 years ago, grasslands developed and people began domesticating plants like wheat and barley and animals like sheep and goats. This led to more settled agricultural and herding lifestyles. Archaeological sites provide evidence of early farming through remains of houses, storage pits, cooking areas, stone tools, and pottery. One such site is Mehrgarh in modern-day Pakistan, where remains show the early domestication of crops and animals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    118 views29 pages

    From Hunting-Gathering To Growing Food (Recovered)

    Uploaded by

    Shafeena Areef
    Hunter-gatherers lived in the Indian subcontinent 2 million years ago and obtained food by hunting wild animals, catching fish, and gathering plant foods. As the climate changed around 12,000 years ago, grasslands developed and people began domesticating plants like wheat and barley and animals like sheep and goats. This led to more settled agricultural and herding lifestyles. Archaeological sites provide evidence of early farming through remains of houses, storage pits, cooking areas, stone tools, and pottery. One such site is Mehrgarh in modern-day Pakistan, where remains show the early domestication of crops and animals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    LESSON 2

    FROM HUNTING-GATHERING
    TO GROWING FOOD
    (HISTORY)
    LEARNING OBJECTIVES

    ► To create an idea about early human life


    ► To Evaluate about the conditions led to the beginning of
    farming and herding
    ► To describe the role of fire and tools played in hunter-gatherer
    societies.
    ► To analyse the archaeological evidence of early farmers and
    herders
    KWL

    K W L

    Nomads moves from one The reason why hunter-


    place to another place gatherers moves from one
    place to another place.
    Ancient people were used
    tools with stones and woods
    Hunter-gatherers

    ►people who lived in the subcontinent 2 million


    years ago as hunter-gatherers. This name has
    been provided because they hunted wild
    animals, caught fish and birds, gathered fruits,
    roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks and eggs for
    their food.
    The earliest people: why were they on the
    move?

    ► If they had stayed at one place for a long time, they would have eaten up all
    the available plant and animal resources.
    ► Animals move from place to place so these people had to follow their
    movements for hunting purposes.
    ► People may have moved from season to season in search of different kinds
    of plants.
    ► People living on their banks would have had to go in search of water during
    the dry seasons from their places.
    How do we know about these people?

    ► Archaeologists have found some of the things hunter-gatherers made and used. They made and used
    tools of stone, wood and bone, of which stone tools have survived best.
    ► Stone tools were used to cut meat and bone, scrape bark (from trees) and hides (animal skins), chop
    fruit and roots.
    ► Other tools were used to chop wood.
    ► Choosing a place to live in
    ► People preferred to live in places having the following availability.
    ► They lived near to the sources of water, such as rivers and lakes.
    ► People tried to find places where good quality stone was easily available as it was important for hunting.
    Choosing a place to live in &Finding out
    about the fire

    ► People preferred to live in places having the following availability.


    ► They lived near to the sources of water, such as rivers and lakes.
    ► People tried to find places where good quality stone was easily
    available as it was important for hunting.
    ► Traces of ash show that the people at that time have invented the
    fire. It could have been used for many things: as a source of
    light ,to roast meat and to scare away animals
    The difference between Paleolithic ,
    Mesolithic and Neolithic age.
    ∙ Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic

    ∙ 12000 years ago ∙ 12000-10000 ∙ 10000 years ago


    ∙ Old stone age ∙ Middle stone age ∙ New stone age
    ∙ Lived in caves ∙ Rectangular
    ∙ Crude stone tools houses ∙ Settled life
    ∙ Smaller &sharper
    tools ∙ Sharped &
    (microliths) polished tools
    A changing environment

    ► Around 12,000 years ago, there were major changes in the


    climate of the world which led to the development of grasslands
    in many areas. This also led to an increase in the number of
    animals that survived on the grass. So, people start thinking
    about herding and rearing these animals. Fishing also became
    important for people.
    The beginning of farming and herding

    ► With the development of grassland, people came to know about growing wheat, barley,
    rice in different parts of the subcontinent. This is how they started practicing farming.
    ► People also attract and then tame animals by leaving food for them near their shelters.
    The first animal to be tamed was the wild ancestor of the dog. Animals such as sheep,
    goat, cattle and also the pig lived in herds, and most of them ate grass. Often, people
    protected these animals from attacks by other wild animals. This is how they became
    herders.
    A new way of life

    ►People had to stay in the same place for a long


    time looking after the plants, watering,
    weeding, driving away animals and birds – till
    the grain ripened. Then they start thinking of
    storing the grain for food and seeds. They
    began making large clay pots, or wove baskets,
    or dug pits into the ground.
    Storing animals And Towards a settled life

    ► Animals that are reared can be used as a ‘store’ of food.


    ► Archaeologists have found traces of huts or houses at some sites which shows that people
    have a stable life.
    ► They have also found cooking hearths both inside and outside the huts, which suggests that,
    depending on the weather, people used to cook food either indoors or outdoors.
    ► Stone tools have been found from many sites. Many of these are different from the earlier
    Palaeolithic tools and that is why they are called neolithic. These include tools that were
    polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles. Mortars and pestles are used for
    grinding grain even today. Apart from these tools, some of the tools were also made of bone.
    ► Many kinds of earthen pots have also been found. These were used for decoration and for
    storing things.
    ► People also began weaving cloth, using different kinds of materials. For example: cotton.
    A closer look – Living and dying in
    Mehrgarh

    ► Mehrgarh was one of the places where people learnt to grow barley and wheat,
    and rear sheep and goats for the first time in this area. At this village, many
    animal bones were found.
    ► Other finds at Mehrgarh include remains of square or rectangular houses. When
    people die, their relatives and friends pay respect to them. The dead person was
    buried with goats, which were probably meant to serve as food in the next world.
    Several burial sites have been found at Mehrgarh.
    FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

    ► I Choose the correct answer:-


    ► 1. What is the meaning of Palaeolithic Age?
    a) Old Stone Age b) Middle Stone Age c) New Stone Age d) Upper Stone Age
    ► 2. When did grass lands develop?
    a)10000 years ago b)50000 years ago
    c)12000 years ago d)None of the above
    ► 3. From where did the traces of ash have been found by the archaeologists?
    a)Hallur b)Burzahom c) Daojali Hading d) Kurnool caves
    ► 4) Where is Bhimbetka located?
    a)Maharashtra b)Bihar c)Kashmir d)Madhya Pradesh
    ► 5) Which type of houses the People in Burzahom lived?
    a) pit b) cave c) hut d)None of these
    ► 6) The first animal to be trained was the______
    a)Horse b)Sheep c)Ancestor of dog d)cow
    ► 7. Name a Neolithic site which is in modern day Pakistan.
    a) Mehrgarh b) Inamgaon c)Chirand d)Hunsgi
    ► 8. Which among these were not the earliest plants to be domesticated?
    a) Wheat b)Barley c) Rice d) Sugar cane

    ► 9.Tools of early man were made up of ______


    a)Gold b)Copper c)Stone d)soil
    ► 10. For what purpose were the stone tools used?
    a)To make spears and arrows b)To cut meat and bone
    c)To chop fruits and nuts d)All of these
    ► 1. Name the process in which people grow plants and look after animals.
    ► 2. Name the period when mostly stone tools were made
    ► 3. Name the places where the remains of ancient things were found.
    ► 4. List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire.
    HOME WORK:
    (TRAVEL THROUGH PREHISTORIC SITES)

    ►Imagineyourself as the owner of a travel agency.You have to prepare a


    travel brochure that is designrd to attract tourists to visit some
    prehistoric sites of UAE.The brochure should :
    ►Be colourful ,attractive and comprehensive.
    ►Contain relevant information and pictures
    ►Contain clear descriptions and location of each site.
    ► 1. What is the meaning of Palaeolithic Age?
    ► a) Old Stone Age b) Middle Stone Age c) New Stone Age d) Upper Stone Age
    ► 2. When did grass lands develop?
    ► a)10000 years ago b)50000 years ago
    ► c)12000 years ago d)None of the above
    ► 3. From where did the traces of ash have been found by the archaeologists?
    ► a)Hallur b)Burzahom c) Daojali Hading d) Kurnool caves
    ►
    ► 4) Where is Bhimbetka located?
    ► a)Maharashtra b)Bihar c)Kashmir d)Madhya Pradesh
    ► 5) Which type of houses the People in Burzahom lived?
    ► a) pit b) cave c) hut d)None of these
    ► 6) The first animal to be trained was the______
    ► a)Horse b)Sheep c)Ancestor of dog d)cow
    ► 7. Name a Neolithic site which is in modern day Pakistan.
    ► a) Mehrgarh b) Inamgaon c)Chirand d)Hunsgi
    ► 8. Which among these were not the earliest plants to be domesticated?

    ► a) Wheat b)Barley c) Rice d) Sugar cane

    ► 9.Tools of early man were made up of ______


    ► a)Gold b)Copper c)Stone d)soil
    ► 10. For what purpose were the stone tools used?
    ► a)To make spears and arrows b)To cut meat and bone
    ► c)To chop fruits and nuts d)All of these

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