Department of Management

Course Code: MSB21T2006. Course Name: The Sustainable Development

Goals
I

MODULE-1
The Sustainable Development Goals- A global vision

Faculty Name: Swarnika Pandey Program Name: The Sustainable Development

 Prerequisite/Recapitulations

 Definition of sustainability
 History and emergence of the concept of sustainable development
 Our common future
 Objectives of Sustainable Development
 Millennium Development Goals
 Environment and Development linkages
 Globalization and environment
 Population, Poverty and Pollution
 Global, Regional and Local environmental issues
 Resource Degradation
 Greenhouse gases and climate Change
 Desertification Industrialization
 Social insecurity
 What is development?

 Generally development is the gradual growth of a situation that becomes more advanced
and strong than previous one.

 Development is intended to bring a positive change for human being and its surroundings.
Development may take place by bringing about a change in policy, project and legislation.

 Development is a unfolding of human potentials for meaningful participation in

economic, social, political and cultural process and institutions, so that people and
improve their conditions.
 Definition of sustainability

Sustainability is development that meets the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.

 Sustainable Development

Improvement Sustainable development Preserving natural

of lifestyles resources and
and well-being ecosystems
 History and emergence of the concept of sustainable development

 Sustainable development is the development, which will allow all future generations to
have a potential average quality of life, that is, at least as high, which is being enjoyed by
the current generation.

 Sustainable development refers to the development, that meets the need for the present,
without compromising the ability of future generations, to meet their own needs.

 The basic aim of sustainable development is to ensure that present generation should leave
stock of ‘quality of life’ for the next generation, which is no less than what we have
inherited.

 For economists, a development path is sustainable if the stock of overall assets remains
constant or rises over time.
 Our Common Future

In late 1983 Gro Harlem Brundtland , the former Prime Minister of Norway, was asked by the Secretary-
General of the United Nations to establish and chair the World Commission on Environment and
Development, a special, independent commission convened to formulate "a global agenda for change.”
The Secretary-General's request emerged from growing concern in the General Assembly about a number of
issues, including: long-term sustainable development ; cooperation between developed and developing nations;
more effective international management of environmental concerns; the differing international perceptions of
long-term environmental issues; and strategies for protecting and enhancing the environment.
The commission worked for three years and produced what is commonly known as "The Brundtland Report."
Published in book form in 1987 as Our Common Future, the report addresses what it identifies as "common
concerns," such as a threatened future, sustainable development, and the role of the international community.
The report also examines "common challenges," including population growth , food security, biodiversity , and
energy choices, as well as how to make industry more efficient. Finally, the report lists "common endeavours,"
such as managing the commons, maintaining peace and security while not suspending development or
degrading the environment, and changing institutional and legal structures. A chapter on each one of these
concerns, challenges, and endeavours is included in the book.
 Objectives of Sustainable Development

 Sustainable and equitable use of resources, to meet the needs

of the present and future generations, without causing
damage to the environment.

 To prevent future damage to our life support systems.

 MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

In 2000 there was the Millenium Summit of the united Nations at New
York which included the goal (the 7th goal or target): To ensure
environmental sustainability.

 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

 Reduce child mortality
 Improve maternal health
 Ensure environmental sustainability
 Develop a global partnership for development
 ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT LINKAGES

 Development is must, but environment is first.

 The environment is vital to supporting life, absorbing waste and providing inputs for
production.
 Over the last 30 years, here has been increasing concern about the effects of the
economic activities on the environment
 Economic growth has caused serious environment damage.
 The current state of the environment will constrain future development.
 The poor in developing countries are often dependent on the natural environment for
their livelihood and existence.
 Damage to the environment and the relationship between the environment and the
economy are more relevant to developing countries.
 ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT LINKAGES

All economic activities either affect or are affected by natural and environmental
resources. Activities such as extraction, processing, manufacture, transport,
consumption and disposal change the stock of natural resources, add stress to the
environmental systems and introduce wastes to environmental media. Moreover,
economic activities today affect the stock of natural resources available for the future
and have inter-temporal welfare effects. From this perspective, the productivity of an
economic system depends in part on the supply and quality of natural and
environmental resources
 GLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT

The word Globalization is central to Environmental cause

& concern

As ecological processes do not respect National Boundaries, and the

Environmental problems often have impact beyond borders.
 GLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT

“Globalization describe the cross- border relations between countries”. i.e., the growth
in international exchange and interdependence.

It is and ongoing process of global integration of:-

Economies & Production processes that include trade, capital-flows and investment.

The world economy globalizes as National economies integrate into the international
economy through trade, foreign direct investment; short-term capital flows;
international movement of workers and people in general and flow of technology.
POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development aims at improving human well-being,

particularly by alleviating poverty, increasing gender equality, and
improving health, human resources, and stewardship of the natural
environment. Because demographic factors are closely linked to these
goals, strategies that consider population have a better chance of
success. The rapid growth of population is a major challenge because it
creates shortage of arable land for food production housing, drinking
water, education and other infrastructure facility.
 POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Research has shown that changes in population growth, age structure, and spatial
distribution interact closely with the environment and with development. Rapid
population growth has exacerbated freshwater depletion, climate change, biodiversity
loss, depletion of fisheries and other coastal resources, and degradation of agricultural
lands. Fertility decline in high-fertility countries, by slowing population growth, can
make many environmental problems easier to solve. It can also have important
economic benefits by reducing the number of children relative to the working-age
population, and creating a unique opportunity to increase investments in health,
education, infrastructure, and environmental protection.
POVERTY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The 2030 Agenda acknowledges that eradicating poverty in all its forms and
dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an
indispensable requirement for sustainable development. The first Sustainable
Development Goal aims to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere”.
Reducing poverty requires ecological and resource sustainability. Increased food
production will exacerbate land degradation, greenhouse gas emissions and
biodiversity loss unless production methods and consumption patterns become
more sustainable. This has a destructive effect on the ecosystem they necessitates
growth of food production at the expense of nature and cause biodiversity loss.
POLLUTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Pollution directly affect human environment via increased emission of

various gases depleting of ozone layer that repel high frequency
ultraviolet radiations. All these result as an obstacle in sustainable
development.
GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
ISSUES

 The capacity of the renewable resources produce from earth must

be maintained and, wherever realistic, restored or improved.
 Disease, malnutrition and lack of medical facilities.
 Deforestation due to the development of agriculture and increase
of urbanization.
 The rising consumption of energy and petrol.
 RESOURCES DEGRADATION

Resources degradation is the detoriation of the environment through

depletion of resources such as air, water and soil, the destruction of
ecosystems and extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any change or
disturbance to the environment that is perceived to be deleterious or
undesirable.
 GREEN HOUSE GASES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Our atmosphere contains a number of different gases. It’s mostly made up

of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen, about 21%. But it also contains a
number of gases known as greenhouse gases. These include water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons
which are usually man-made. They are called greenhouse gases because the
properties of these gases allow them to retain heat leading to a warming of
our atmosphere.
 GREEN HOUSE GASES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Our sun produces light, which is composed of small particles called

photons. These photons pass through the atmosphere and collide
with the surface of the planet. If the surface of the planet is lightly
coloured such as areas that are covered by ice or snow, the photons
may be reflected back into space, and if the surface is darker, such as
forest or oceans, the photons are absorbed. When this happens, some
of the photons energy is converted to heat, which radiates away from
the surface.
 DESERTIFICATION

 Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert.

 It may be defined as when croplands are converted into desert than it is
known as desertification.
 The process of conversion of habitable land into desert than it is known
as desertification.
 DESERTIFICATION

 Desertification was used in 1949 by French forester “Aubreville”.

 It converts croplands into desert in which agricultural productivity
drastically falls.
 Desertification occurs in dry lands.
 It does not refer to the expansion of existing desert.
 Developing country like India’s most of the population is dependent on
agriculture sector for their living and this has put a lot of pressure on
land resources. It leads to desertification.
 DESERTIFICATION

 Land degrades in such area when land clearing, urbanization and

unsustainable agricultural practices are used.
 Desertification is unsuitable for growing crops and supporting life forms.
 1/3rd of earth land surface are threatened by desertification.
 Africa is most affected by desertification
 CAUSE OF DESERTIFICATION

 Deforestation
 Overgrazing
 Over Cultivation
 Poor Irrigation
 Mining
 Drought
 SUSTAINABLE INDUSTIALIZATION

It targets towards achieving sustainable industrialization by

influencing industries to voluntarily improve their environmental
performance, strengthen the regulatory system as well as build
capabilities of local communities to intervene in the industrialization
process. These objectives will be achieved through an industry-rating
programme, capacity building, research and networking.
 SUSTAINABLE INSECURITY

In India, factors like rapid growth of population, urbanization, industrialization, and

poverty, among others are responsible for harming the environment. Some of the severe
environmental issues prevalent in India are:-

 Degrading Air Quality Index

 Rampant Environmental Degradation
 Loss of Biodiversity
 Urbanization in the Himalayas
 Loss of Resilience in Ecosystems
 Lack of Waste Management
 Depletion of Resources (land, air, water)
 Growing Water Scarcity