SUBJECT

MATTER The t- Distribution

 The learner
demonstrates
understanding of key
CONTENT concepts of
STANDARD estimation of
population mean and
population
proportion.
 The learner is able to
estimate the
population mean and
PERFORMANC population proportion
E STANDARD to make sound
inferences in real-life
problems in different
disciplines.
 The learner
LEARNING illustrates the t
COMPETENC
Y distribution
(M11/12SP-IIIg-2).
PRAYER
WELCOME
to our class!
“In everything you do, your
decision matters. And in
every decision you make,
you must be responsible for
its consequences or
outcomes”.
Image Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/498210777538211495/feedback/?
invite_code=11b78c67d985409dbb5400da02ee7365&sender_id=83035138745499228
3
 Review lesson on the properties of
z-distribution.

Direction: Answer “YES” if the statement is true about the

z-distribution and “NO” if it’s not.
In our class,
WE have mastered
previous lessons!
 Activity 1.
“To z or not to z”

Directions:
Fll in the missing boxes
with “to z” if you think a
z-table is required in the
distribution and “not to
z” if not.
Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32CuxWdOlow
Image sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
32CuxWdOlow
https://www.google.com/search?q=hops+and+malt
+in+beer&source
 How to make sure that
a big batch of hops
was good enough from
a few samples?

How many
measurements of malt
extract were needed to
ensure that the
resulting beer would
have the desired
Image source:
alcohol content?
https://www.google.com/search?q=hops+and+malt+in+beer&source
Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32CuxWdOlow
Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32CuxWdOlow
Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32CuxWdOlow
Inference through small
samples
Unknown population variance
Huge real-life application
 When to use the z or t distribution?
Is the
YES
population NO
standard
deviation ()
known?

Use the z- Use the t-

distribution distribution
and () in the and () in the
formula. formula.
*If , the variable must
be normally
distributed.
T-distribution

The t-distribution, also known as the Student’s t-

distribution, is a probability distribution that is used to
estimate population parameters when either of the
following conditions is true:

(i) the sample size is small (sample size is less than 30);

(ii) the population standard deviation is unknown.

Formula of t-distribution

𝑥 −𝜇
𝑡=
𝑠
√𝑛
Degrees of Freedom
Definition. The degrees of
freedom are defined as the
number of observations that are
free to vary when estimating
statistical parameters.
 Sample size: n
Degrees of freedom: n-1

Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32CuxWdOlow

Image source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/student-t-distribution-definition-example-quiz.html
Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability - Quarter 3 Module 4 Lesson 1 page 6
 Properties of t-
distribution
1. The t-
distribution is
symmetrical about
0.

Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability - Quarter 3 Module 4 Lesson 1 page 6
 Properties of t-
distribution

2. The t-
distribution is
bell-shaped like
the normal
distribution but
has heavier tails
and the tails are
asymptotic to the
horizontal axis.
Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability - Quarter 3
Module 4 Lesson 1 page 6
Properties of t-distribution

3. The mean, median and mode of the t-

distribution are all equal to zero.
4. The variance is always greater than 1.

As the degrees of freedom increase and

approach infinity, the variance approaches
1.
 Properties of t-
distribution

5. As the degrees of
freedom increase,
the t-distribution
curve looks more
and more like the
normal distribution
curve. With infinite
degrees of freedom,
the t-distribution is
the same as the
normal
Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability - Quarter 3 distribution.
Module 4 Lesson 1 page 7
 6. The standard
deviation and
variance varies with
Properties of the sample size. It is
t- always greater than
1. Unlike the normal
distribution distribution, which
has a standard
deviation of 1.
 Properties of t-
distribution
7. The total area under
the t-distribution curve is
1 or 100%. The area
under the t-distribution
curve represents the
probability or the
percentage associated
with specific sets of t-
values.
Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability -
Quarter 3 Module 4 Lesson 1 page 7
 Properties of t-
distribution
7. The total area under
the t-distribution curve is
1 or 100%. The area
under the t-distribution
curve represents the
probability or the
percentage associated
with specific sets of t-
values.
Image source: SLM in Statistics and Probability -
Quarter 3 Module 4 Lesson 1 page 7
In our class,
WE LISTEN TO
EACH OTHER.
 ACTIVITY:
“Right or Wrong, Make A
Decision?”
Read and analyze each
statement carefully and
decide if the statement is
right or wrong. Place a
check mark ( ) if the
statement is true about the
t-distribution and mark X
if it’s not.
Present your answers
briefly to the class.
In our class,
WE do our
best.
TIRE
CHECK
Let us gather what we have learned!
 A tire manufacturer wants their
newly hired car mechanic from
Tagum National Trade School to
test the braking performance of one
of its tire models on a test track. He
tried the tires on 10 different cars,
recording the stopping distance for
each car on both wet and dry
streets. The population standard
deviation is unknown.

https://www.google.com/search?q=tire+images&tbm=isch&source
1. Will the sample size be considered
large enough?
2. Is the population standard
deviation known?
3. Which test statistic is appropriate
to use?
4. Why can’t we apply the z-
distribution in this problem?
CONCEPT
SORT
 “CONCEPT SORT”

Directions:
Make a Venn diagram showing the
comparison of the t-distribution and normal
distribution. List down the characteristics
or properties of the two distributions on the
spaces provided.
 LET US ASSESS
DIRECTIONS:
Answer the multiple-choice
questions individually.
In our class,
WE celebrate each
other’s success!!!
 watch video turorial on this link

ILLUSTRATING t - DISTRIBUTION || GRADE 11 STATISTICS AND P

ROBABILITY Q3 - YouTube

 answer :
“Let Us Practice More”
in Module 4-Quarter 3
Lesson 1, page 8-9
“In everything you do, your
decision matters. And in
every decision you make,
you must be responsible for
its consequences or
outcomes”.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
COOPERATION.
YOU DID WELL!