Lesson 1

MEASURE OF
DISPERSION
FOR
GROUPED
DATA
 Here is data that show the time taken, in minutes,
for 7 students in a library
Median Previous lesson

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16

How do you analyze the data?
State any central tendencies and measures of dispersion
that you have learnt
Range Variance How close the data to
mean
To see the data spread
out Standard How far the data to
deviation mean
Mode
Easier to analyze due to small data
Mean
 what if you have a lot of data collected like this
The data shows the time taken, in minutes, for 24 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
students in a library ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
6 26 30 31 40 23 28 23 fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .
32 7 20 30 14 29 13 32

45 27 7 27 30 49 32 37
If you are a librarian, how do you analyze the data to
show that your library likes to be visited.

Time (Minutes)
It is often easier to analyze a large
data if the data is put into groups. 6 – 14
15 – 23
The widths of the groups
are called class intervals. 24 – 32
33 – 41
We also can represent the data using
histogram or frequency polygon 42 – 50
 How to construct a frequency table?

6 26 30 31 40 23 28 23 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
32 7 20 30 14 29 13 32 fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
45 27 7 27 30 49 32 37
d ata .
1. Determine the range of the data.
Range = Largest value – smallest value
= 49 – 6
= 43
2. Decide the number of class intervals.
5 class interval = 43 5 Time (Minutes) Frequency, f
= 8.6 9
6 – 14 5
Size of class intervals
15 – 23 3
Round up
not round off 24 – 32 12
33 – 41 2

42 – 50 2
 How to construct a frequency table?

6 26 30 31 40 23 28 23 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
32 7 20 30 14 29 13 32 fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
45 27 7 27 30 49 32 37
d ata .
1. Determine the range of the data.
Range = Largest value – smallest value
= 49 – 6
= 43
2. Decide the number of class intervals.
4 class interval = 43 4 Time (Minutes) Frequency, f
= 10.75 11
6 – 16 5
Size of class intervals
17 – 27 6
Round up
not round off 28 – 38 10
39 – 49 4
 How to construct a frequency table?

6 26 30 31 40 23 28 23 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
32 7 20 30 14 29 13 32 fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
45 27 7 27 30 49 32 37
d ata .
1. Determine the range of the data.
Range = Largest value – smallest value
= 49 – 6
= 43
2. Decide the number of class intervals.
3 class interval = 43 3 Time (Minutes) Frequency, f
= 14.33 15
6 – 20 6
Size of class intervals
21 – 35 14
Round up
not round off 36 – 50 4
 What important data should you know in the frequency
table?
Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
The incomplete frequency table below show the mess, in kg, of a group fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
of 80 students. Complete the table fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .
Mess (kg) Frequency Lower Upper
limit limit
30 – 34 5 30 34
35 – 39 8 35 39
40 – 44 11 40 44
45 – 49 21 45 49
50 – 54 22 50 54
55 – 59 10 55 59
60 – 64 3 60 64

What the size of class

interval of the data? 5
 What important data should you know in the frequency
table?
Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
The incomplete frequency table below show the mess, in kg, of a group fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
of 80 students. Complete the table fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .
Mess (kg) Frequency Lower Upper Midpoint
limit limit
30 – 34 5
30+34
30 34 32
35 – 39 8
35+39
2
35 39 37
40 +44
2
40 – 44 11 40 44 42
21
2
45 – 49 45 49 47
50 – 54 22 50 54 52
55 – 59 10 55 59 57
60 – 64 3 60 64 62

What the size of class

interval of the data? 5 Middle data of
each class
 What important data should you know in the frequency
table?
Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
The incomplete frequency table below show the mess, in kg, of a group fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
of 80 students. Complete the table fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .
Mess (kg) Frequency Lower Upper Midpoint Upper Lower
limit limit boundary boundary
30 – 34 5 30 34 32 34.5 29.5 5
35 – 39 8 35 39 37 39.5 34.5
40 – 44 11 40 44 42 44.5 39.5
45 – 49 21 45 49 47 49.5 44.5
50 – 54 22 50 54 52 54.5 49.5
55 – 59 10 55 59 57 59.5 54.5
60 – 64 3 60 64 62 64.5 59.5

What the size of class Another method to find

interval of the data? 5 Middle data of the size of class interval
each class
 Data Representation

Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
Gap between the bars
How about this chart? fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
**This is a Histogram d ata .

Categories

This is a Bar chart Contiguous bars

without gaps

SPOT THE
DIFFERENCES

Data ranges
 3. LABEL THE Y-
AXIS USING Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
4. DRAW FREQUENCY ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
THE BAR
fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .

2. MARK THE X-AXIS

5. FINISH USING CLASS
BOUNDARIES

1. DRAW
HOW TO THE X AND
Y AXES
DRAW
A HISTOGRAM
 Mess Frequency Lower Upper
(kg) boundary boundary
Step 1: 30 – 34 5 29.5 34.5
Draw the x-axis and the y-
axis using the given scale. 35 – 39 8 34.5 39.5 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy

Step 2:
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
40 – 44 11 39.5 44.5
Label x-axis with class boundaries fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
and y-axis with frequency.
45 – 49 21 44.5 49.5 fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
Number of
students 50 – 54 22 49.5 54.5 d ata .
55 – 59 10 54.5 59.5
25 60 – 64 3 59.5 64.5

20 2 cm to 5kg
on the x-axis
15
2 cm to 5
students on
10
the y-axis
5 x-axis marked
with lower &
upper
29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 boundaries
Mess (kg)
 Mess Frequency Lower Upper
(kg) boundary boundary
30 – 34 5 29.5 34.5
Step 3:
35 – 39 8 34.5 39.5 Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
Draw the frequency bar base on
the frequency table. ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
40 – 44 11 39.5 44.5
fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
45 – 49 21 44.5 49.5
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
Number of 50 – 54 22 49.5 54.5
students d ata .
55 – 59 10 54.5 59.5

25 60 – 64 3 59.5 64.5

20 2 cm to 5kg
on the x-axis
15
2 cm to 5
students on
10
the y-axis
5 x-axis marked
with lower &
upper
29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 boundaries
Mess (kg)
 Spot the difference

Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
All points are hanging fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
d ata .

Frequency polygon

Categories
Line graph

2 closed ponts
on the x-axis

Data ranges
 How to draw a frequency polygon
Cons tr uct fr equency
Number of Frequency, Midpoint
The table shows the number of books
ta bl e, hi s tog r am and
read by 30 students in a year. books f
6 – 14 5 10 fr equency pol y gon
Step2:
Step
Step 3:1:
Joint all the plotted pointsxwith
Mark
Plotthe
themidpoint on
frequency the -axisa and
corresponding tofrequency
eachline
straight 15 – 23 3 19 for a s et of g r ouped
on the y-axis withmidpoint.
the given scale.
24 – 32 12 28 data.
Number of 37
students 33 – 41 8
12 × 42 – 50 2 46

10 A frequency polygon is
2 cm to 9 books
plotted on the x-axis
at midpoints.

8 × 2 cm to 2 students on the y-axis

6
×
4
×
2 ×
× × Number
of books
1 10 19 28 37 46 55
Add 2 midpoint and joint
with 0 frequency
 How to draw a frequency polygon

The histogram shows the speed of cars in km h–1, recorded by a speed trap camera Co n s tr u c t fr e q u e n cy
along a highway in a certain duration. Draw a frequency polygon on the histogram. ta ble , h is to g r a m a n d
fr e q u e n cy p o l y g o n
A frequency polygon is
plotted at midpoints. fo r a s e t o f g r o u p e d
The midpoint is d ata .
located in the
center of the bar

×
×
×
× ×
wrong
×

Start and end to 0 A histogram is plotted

at midpoint using class boundaries.

If we plot the midpoints at the top of each bar, join them together and
close with zero frequency, a frequency polygon is produced
TEXTBOOK
EXCERCISE

Page 202 -203

no 1 - 4