Review

Review
Chordates and Vertebrates

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Review of 17.4 Quiz Question
Explain the exchange of gases that occurs in aquatic animals.
Your explanation should include the names of the gases exchanged,
where and how they move, and the organ used. Use correct grammar
and spelling.
(2 points)
Oxygen in water moves to (gill) cells by diffusion,
and carbon dioxide in (gill) cells moves to water by diffusion.
Chordate Quiz Review
Row 5
Each group will
have 15 minutes A C E
Row 4
to complete the
assigned set of and and and
questions. Row 3 B D F
When your group
finishes, work on
Row 2
the other
questions. I G
Row 1 K and and
J H
White board
Chordate Quiz Review
Your group has 15 minutes to complete the assigned set of questions.
When your group finishes, work on the other questions.
15 10 5
Organization 1
1. Chordates all have a notochord during development.
2. A group of chordates whose adults are sessile are the tunicates.
3. A group of chordates whose adults resemble fish are the
cephalochordates or lancelets.
4. Vertebrates all have replaced the notochord with a vertebral
column.
5. All vertebrates are also chordates.
6. Vertebrates have an endoskeleton.
7. Some invertebrates have an exoskeleton.
Organization 2
1. The endoskeleton of jawless fish and chondrichthyes is made up of
cartilage.
2. The endoskeleton of osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals is made up of bone.
3. The bodies of chondrichthyes and osteichthyes are covered with
scales.
4. The bodies of jawless fish and amphibians are covered with skin.
5. The bodies of reptiles are covered with scaly skin.
6. The bodies of mammals are covered with hair.
Organization 3
1. An example of a jawless fish: hagfish or lamprey
2. An example of a chondrichthyes: shark, ray, skate
3. An example of an osteichthyes: trout, salmon, tuna
4. An example of a 4-legged adult amphibian with no tail: frog, toad
5. An example of a 4-legged amphibian with a tail: salamander
6. An example of a legless amphibian: caecelian
7. An example of a legless reptile: snake
1. A structure or behavior that helps an organism survive and
reproduce is called an adaptation.
2. Osteichthyes have a structure that helps them go up and down in
the water without using much energy; this organ is called a swim
bladder.
3. The amniotic egg is a structure that allowed animals to lay eggs on
land.
4. Nest-building and caring for offspring are examples of behavioral
adaptations.
5. Fat, fur, and feathers are structures that help endotherms maintain
a constant body temperature.
6. Large, complex brains are able to remember and learn.
Gas Exchange and Respiratory Systems 1
1. Process of moving from a higher concentration to a lower
concentration is called diffusion.
2. The fish and amphibian larvae get oxygen by diffusion through gills.
3. The adult amphibians get oxygen by diffusion through lungs and
moist skin.
4. Reptiles, birds, and mammals get oxygen by diffusion through lungs.
5. Aquatic mammals like whales and dolphins take oxygen into their
lungs through a blowhole.
Gas Exchange and Respiratory Systems 2
1. During gas exchange in the lungs, oxygen CO2 in the blood travelling in
capillaries moves to the air in the lungs by a process called diffusion.
2. During gas exchange in the gills, oxygen CO2 in the blood travelling in
capillaries moves to the water in the gills by a process called diffusion.
3. After gas exchange in the gills or lungs, the blood is oxygenated.
4. During gas exchange in the body’s tissues, oxygen in the blood travelling in
capillaries moves to the body’s tissues by a process called diffusion.
5. After gas exchange in the body’s tissues, the blood is deoxygenated.
Circulation 1
1. Fish have a 2-chambered heart.
2. The ventricle pumps the blood to the gills.
3. The oxygenated blood travels to the body’s tissues.
4. Deoxygenated blood returns to the atrium of the heart.
5. Amphibians have a 3-chambered heart.
6. The ventricle pumps mixed blood to the lungs and body.
7. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the right atrium.
8. Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left atrium.
Circulation 2
1. Reptiles have a 3-chambered heart with a partial septum.
2. The blood pumped to the body has more oxygen (O2)
because there is less mixing.
3. Birds and mammals have a 4-chambered heart.
4. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the right
atrium.
5. Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left atrium.
6. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the
lungs.
7. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Energy
1. Fish, amphibians, and reptiles have lower energy needs because they
are ectotherms.
2. Birds and mammals have higher energy needs because they are
endotherms.
3. Getting more oxygen to the body enables the cell to make more ATP.
4. The beaks of birds have adapted to fit the food that is available in their
environment.
5. The teeth of mammals have adapted to fit the food they eat.
6. Carnivores have prominent canine and premolars.
7. Herbivores have prominent incisors and molars.
Reproduction and Development 1
1. Tunicates, lancelets, fish, and amphibians lay eggs in water.
2. Tunicate and amphibian larvae hatch from eggs and develop through
metamorphosis.
3. Reptiles and birds lay eggs on land.
4. Reptilian and avian (bird) hatchlings develop through simple/direct
development.
5. Mammalian mothers feed their young milk that is produced by the
mammary glands.
6. Monotremes are a group of mammals that lay eggs.
Reproduction and Development 2
1. Marsupials are a group of mammals whose newborns complete
development in a pouch.
2. The newborns of monotremes and marsupials are underdeveloped.
3. Placentals are a group of mammals whose newborns are fully
developed.
4. Juvenile mammals often stay with their parents; this gives them an
advantage because parents can teach them.
5. The fetus of a placental mammal is connected to the placenta by the
umbilical cord.
Study!

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