Amphibian

Design an Amphibian Aircraft
Project Review - 01
Guided By :- Mr. Manish Yadav

(Assist. Prof.)
Team Members
SIDDHARTH SONI (1755)
RAKESH SARMA (1761)
NIDHEE KUMARI RAJPUT (1811)
KARTIK SIDANA (1714)

What is Amphibian Aircraft ?
• An amphibious aircraft or amphibian is an aircraft that can take

off and land on both solid ground and water. They are typically fixed-
wing, though amphibious helicopters do exist as well. Fixed-wing
amphibious aircraft are seaplanes (flying boats and floatplanes) which
are equipped with retractable wheels, at the expense of extra weight
and complexity, plus diminished range and fuel economy compared to
planes designed specifically for land-only or water-only operation.
Design
• Floatplanes often have floats that are interchangeable with
wheeled landing gear (thereby producing a conventional land-based
aircraft). However, in cases where this is not practical, amphibious
floatplanes, such as the amphibious version of the DHC Otter,
incorporate retractable wheels within their floats.
.
• These aircraft, and those designed as floatplanes with a single main float
under the fuselage centerline (such as the Loening OL and Grumman J2F),
require outrigger floats to provide lateral stability so as to avoid dipping a
wingtip, which can destroy an aircraft if it happens at speed, or can cause
the wingtip to fill with water and sink if stationary.
Loening OL, also known as the Loening Amphibian

.
• The hull was built of Duralumin on a wooden frame, with five watertight
compartments connected through a selector switch to a bilge pump in the rear
cockpit. Plugs in the bottom of each compartment permitted drainage on the
ground.
• The fuselage was constructed on top of the hull. The aircraft was strength-
tested at Columbia University.
• The engine came with a fire suppression sprinkler system and was encased in
a streamlined cowling to protect it from sea spray.
• Oil from a tank in the fuselage was cooled by passing through a spiral copper
tube exposed to the slipstream on top of the cowling. The fuel tanks were
mounted inside the hull, with a 140-gallon (530-liter) gasoline tank under the
wings, and a reserve 60-gallon (230-liter) gasoline-benzol tank between the
cockpits. Total fuel capacity provided for roughly ten hours of flight.
,
Performance
• Maximum speed: 122 mph (196 km/h, 106 kn)
• Range: 625 mi (1,006 km, 543 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 14,300 ft (4,360 m)
.
• There are two different types of floats for aircraft:

Amphibious and Straight floats.
Amphibious floats have retractable landing gear, which permits the aircraft
to operate on both hard-surface runways and on the water.
Straight floats, on the other hand, restrict the airplane to the water.
Hazards
• An occasional problem with amphibians is with ensuring the wheels

are in the correct position for landing. In normal operation, the pilot
uses a checklist, verifying each item. Since amphibians can land with
them up or down though, the pilot must take extra care to ensure they
are correct for the chosen landing place. Landing wheels up on land
may damage the keel (unless done on wet grass, a technique
occasionally used by pilots of pure flying boats), while landing wheels
down on water will almost always flip the aircraft upside down,
causing substantial damage.
.
• Carrier-borne aircraft, for instance, are subjected to catapult take-off and

arrested landing loads: most large civil and practically all military aircraft
have pressurized cabins for high-altitude flying.
• Amphibious aircraft must be capable of landing on water and aircraft designed
to fly at high speed at low altitude, such as the Tornado, require a structure of
above average strength to withstand the effects of flight in extremely turbulent
air.
,
• Hawking Defence Services, a Chennai-based start-up has joined hands with

Amphibian Aerospace Industries (AAI) of Australia to set up a joint venture
(JV) to manufacture the Australian company’s 28-seater ‘Albatross’ aircraft
that is capable of take-off and landing from land, water and snow.
• “This aircraft will be a game changer for India as similar to Australia,
India has a vast coastal belt.”
.
• The 'Albatross' twin-engine seaplane was originally used by the US Navy

and Coast Guard for maritime search and rescue operations in the 1960s. The
new variant of this aircraft with modern engines and avionics is designated as
'G-111T Albatross' and is manufactured in Australia's Northern territory.
.
• The AVIC AG600 Kunlong (Chinese) is a large amphibious

aircraft designed by AVIC and assembled by CAIGA. Powered by four WJ-
6 turboprops, it is one of the largest flying boats with a 53.5 t
(118,000 lb) MTOW.
.
General characteristics
• Capacity: 50 rescued or 12 t (26,000 lb) of water
• Length: 36.9 m (121 ft 1 in)
• Wingspan: 38.8 m (127 ft 4 in)
• Height: 12.1 m (39 ft 8 in)
• Max takeoff weight: 53,500 kg (117,947 lb) from land, 49,800 kg (109,800 lb) from choppy sea.
• Powerplant: 4 × WJ-6 turboprops
• Propellers: 6-bladed
Performance
• Maximum speed: 560 km/h (350 mph, 300 kn)
• Cruise speed: 500 km/h (310 mph, 270 kn) max
• Range: 4,500 km (2,800 mi, 2,400 nmi)
• Endurance: 12h
• Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
• Operations from: 1,500 m (4,900 ft) of water
.
• Engine and propeller placed above the wing/fuselage, with some actually
mounting the engine in the vertical tail.
References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVIC_AG600
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/amphibious-aircraft
• https://www.wionews.com/india-news/parts-for-albatross-amphibious-
aircraft-to-be-made-in-india-125mn-investment-expected-574410
• https://www.quora.com/Why-doesnt-India-use-seaplanes-instead-of-
constructing-airports-near-water-areas
.
Thank You

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Design an Amphibian Aircraft

Guided By :- Mr. Manish Yadav

RAKESH SARMA (1761)

NIDHEE KUMARI RAJPUT (1811)

KARTIK SIDANA (1714)

• An amphibious aircraft or amphibian is an aircraft that can take

Loening OL, also known as the Loening Amphibian

• There are two different types of floats for aircraft:

• An occasional problem with amphibians is with ensuring the wheels

• Carrier-borne aircraft, for instance, are subjected to catapult take-off and

• Hawking Defence Services, a Chennai-based start-up has joined hands with

• The 'Albatross' twin-engine seaplane was originally used by the US Navy

• The AVIC AG600 Kunlong (Chinese) is a large amphibious

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