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Computer Unit 1

The document provides an introduction to computer fundamentals including definitions of a computer and its components like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It describes the basic parts of the CPU including the ALU, CU, and MU. It also gives a brief history of computers from the abacus to modern systems and classifications of computers based on size, purpose, and technology.

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KULDEEP LOHAR
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19 views

Computer Unit 1

The document provides an introduction to computer fundamentals including definitions of a computer and its components like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It describes the basic parts of the CPU including the ALU, CU, and MU. It also gives a brief history of computers from the abacus to modern systems and classifications of computers based on size, purpose, and technology.

Uploaded by

KULDEEP LOHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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e-LEARNING FROM HOME

SUBJECT:-COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

UNIT:-1

BY:-PROF.SHUBHAM RAJ
(GOVT.POLYTECHNIC,AURANGABAD)
COMPUTER AND ITS INTRODUCTION
Definition:-
A computer is an electronic device which
receives the data from the user as input, process it & give the
results as an output. User can store the result or send from
one place to another between more than one user.
Block Diagram:-

ALU
Input CU Output

MU

Input Deceives:- mouse, keyboard, joystick, barcode reader etc.


Output Devices:- monitor, projector, speaker, headphone etc.
What is CPU(central processing unit):-
 It is known as the brain of the computer which Is used for
process the input data provided by the user to the computer
system.
 Before process the input is known as the raw data, but after
process it is known as information.
 The CPU consist of three component i-e
a. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
b. CU(Control Unit)
c. MU(Memory Unit)

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit):-


It is responsible for Arithmetic and
logical operations. Ex. Add, Sub , Mul , Div(Arithmetic)
Compare, Bitwise Operator, And, Or etc.(Logical)
CU (Control Unit):-
It is responsible for controlling all the
activities whatever is running in to the system. It controls
every thing by generating the control signals.

MU(Memory Unit):-
It is responsible for storing the data
whether it is inside or outside of the system. It has following
two types i-e Primary memory, Secondary Memory
Memory

Primary memory Secondary Memory

RAM, ROM DISK, PENDRIVE, HARD DISK


RAM(Random Access Memory)

Static RAM Dynamic RAM

ROM(Read Only Memory)

P ROM EP ROM EEP ROM


Characteristics of Computer
 The computer has many characteristics which is mention
below
a. Speed
b. Accuracy
c. Versatility
d. Power of Remembering
e. No feeling
f. No IQ
g. Storage
History of computer
 The first computer system was Abacus(counting device)

 Napier Bones(multiplication)

 Pascaline(1st adding device)

 Analytical Engine(1st General purpose computer)

 Tabulating Machine(1st Electro mechanical machine)

 ENIAC(1st digital computer)

 EDSAC(1st computer with storage)

 UNIVAC(General Purpose Electricity)


Generations of Computer
1st Generation(1940-56)- Made of Vacuum Tubes
Ex- Mark1,ENIAC

2nd Generation(1956-63)- Made of Transistors


Ex- IBM 1401
3rd Generation(1963-71)- Made of IC
Ex- FORTRAN,COBOL

4th Generation(1971-present)- Made of VLSI


Ex- Machine tosh

5th Generations- Parallel processing(Made of SLSI)


EX- AI, Robotics
Classification of Computer
 The Computer are classified on three basis which is mention
below.
Classification of computer

On the basis of On the basis of On the basis of


size work purpose

Mini computer Analog Computer


General purpose
Micro computer
Digital computer Special purpose
Main Frame
computer Hybrid Computer
Super computer
Computer Operations/Processor Operations
 There are multiple operations performed by the
computer/processors.

a. Instruction fetch

b. Instruction Decode

c. Instruction Execute

d. Instruction Store

e. Read and Write operation


Components of PC

There are five classic components are discussed below


a. Data path:- through which data is coming to the system.

b. Control:- generate control signals to maintain the system


under control.

c. Memory:- use to store the data.

d. Input:- External devices to provide instruction to the system.

e. Output:- Devices use to store the results.


System Unit
 It is all about to study of the CPU and its Front Part and Back
Part. Go through page number 37,40,41 in your book(M.P
Singh) and see the diagram and copy it in your note book.

Assignment Questions:
Q1. What is Computer System?
Q2. Explain the System Unit with the diagram.
Q3. Write five Input Devices and explain its working principal?
Q4. Explain computer Operations?
Q5. Explain characteristics of computer?
Q6. Explain Processor with its Block Diagram?
Q7. Solve the objectives of previous year?

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