Business Case Study

INDUSTRY AND ITS TYPES

It is the particular sector of the economy that involves the production and

provision of goods and services .

It can be categorized into three types based on their economic activities

• Primary industry

• Secondary industry

• Tertiary industry
PRIMARY INDUSTRY

It is the particular type of the industry that involves the the extraction and the production

of raw materials from the natural resources. It can be categorized into two types based on

their economic activities

• Extractive industry

• Genetic industry

• Extractive industry

It is a particular type of industry where the extraction and the processing of the raw

materials and natural resources from the earth .

E.g: Extraction of minerals, fossil fuels , farming lumbering,

Indian oil , India

• Genetic industry

It is a research oriented industry where the development and the production of plants
and animals takes place .
SECONDARY INDUSTRY

It is the particular type of the industry that involves in the processing of raw material

from the primary industry into finished goods.

It can be categorized into two types based on their economic activities

• Manufacturing industry

This type of industry involved in the processing of raw material into useful products

E.g: production of large machinery equipment's .

JSW Tata steel Essar Steel

 Analytical industry

This type of industry involved in the separation of the basic material into Different

products

E.g: processing of crude oil – gasoline diesel

 Processing industry

In This type of industry the end products are obtained after the series of manufacturing

operations.

Eg: Textile industry

 Synthetic industry

In This type of industry the end products are obtained from the mixing of two or more

materials .

E.g: production of soap

 Assembling industry

In This type of industry the various finished products are assembled to obtain the new

finished product .

E.g: Production of car , Hyundai

• Construction industry:

In this type of industry they involves the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of

physical structures, infrastructure, and facilities.

It encompasses a wide range of activities related to building and assembling structures,

including residential, commercial, industrial, and civil engineering projects.

E.g.: Constructing infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, dams, airports, railways, and

water treatment plants.

TERTIARY INDUSTRY

It is the particular type of the industry that helps both the primary and the secondary

industry .

It is the type of service sector that include distribution ,transportation and sales.

Its main purpose is to connect with the people and provide customer services support for

the products .

Eg banking, insurance and trading come under this sector.

Tata Motors

• Tata motors is the automotive manufacturing company which falls under the secondary

industry sector.

• They involved in designing and the production of wide range of vehicles including the

passenger car or commercial vehicles such as the buss , trucks and defense vehicles.

• It also engages in related activities such as research and development, component

manufacturing, and vehicle Financing and aftermarket services.

• They generates their major source of income from the sale of vehicles, and other

automotive products, vehicle financing, insurance, and aftermarket services

• The Company also raises funds through the sale of investment.

• Approximately 64% of the company's revenue originates from the Jaguar and Land Rover

segments .Land Rover, along with Jaguar Cars, was bought by Tata Motors from Ford in 2008.

• Raw materials and components needed for vehicle manufacturing are one of the biggest

expenses for Tata Motors, as they are for the majority of manufacturers.

• This covers costs for the steel, aluminum, plastic, electronics, and other materials required in

the manufacture of automobiles.

• Furthermore, the corporation acquire substantial costs associated with labor, marketing,

R&D, and distribution.

 DEPARTMENTS OF INDUSTRY

Tata Motors has numerous departments covering various aspects of its operations.
Some of the possible departments within Tata Motors may include:
1. Research and development department
2. Design and engineering department
3. Production and manufacturing department
4. Quality assurance department
5. Sales and marketing department
6. Supply chain management department
7. Finance and accounting department
8. HR and personal department
9. Aftersales department
10. Information technology department
11. Legal compliance department
12. Corporate communication and public relation department
13. Corporate communication and Business department
• Research and Development (R&D)
This department represents the activities of the companies undertake to innovate and introduce
new products and services or to improve their existing offerings .
This department also helps their company to decide which products and services would most
likely find success if offered to their clients and customers.

In Tata Motors they Conduct experiments or simulations to improve vehicle performance or

develop new technologies. They Collaborate with engineers to design and prototype new
vehicle components. Analyzing data from tests and experiments to identify areas for
improvement.

 Research Engineer :
They are responsible for conducting scientific research, experiments, and investigations to
develop new technologies, products, or processes.
They apply their expertise in engineering principles and scientific methods to solve complex
problems and explore innovative solutions.
 Development Engineer:
They focus on translating research findings and concepts into material products, systems, or
processes and work closely with Research Engineers to implement and commercialize new
technologies. They design prototypes, conduct testing and validation, and refine designs to
meet performance, quality, and cost objectives.
 Project Manager:
They are responsible for setting project goals, allocating resources, managing budgets, and
ensuring that projects are delivered on time and within scope.
The project manager oversee the planning, execution, and coordination of R&D projects from
initiation to completion. They also facilitate communication, resolve issues, and mitigate risks to
ensure project success.
 Prototype Specialist:
They are specialize in the fabrication, assembly, and testing of prototypes and proof-of-concept
models. They work closely with Development Engineers to build prototypes based on design
specifications, conduct performance tests, and iterate on designs to optimize functionality and
feasibility.
 Testing Engineer:

Testing Engineers are responsible for designing, implementing, and analyzing tests to evaluate

the performance, reliability, and safety of products or systems.

They develop test plans, procedures, and protocols, conduct experiments, and collect data to

assess product quality, compliance with standards, and adherence to specifications.

 Innovation Strategist:

Innovation Strategists focuses on identifying emerging trends, technologies, and market

opportunities to drive innovation within the organization.

They develop strategies, roadmaps, and initiatives to encourage a culture of innovation,

facilitate cross-functional collaboration, and promote the adoption of innovative practices and

solutions.
• Design and Engineering:
They specialize in creating detailed designs and specifications for mechanical or electrical
components, systems, or products. They use engineering principles and mathematical
calculations to develop concepts, perform simulations, and produce technical drawings that
meet functional requirements and manufacturing constraints.
 Design Engineer (Mechanical/Electrical)
 CAD/CAM Designer
They Are experts in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technologies.
They generate instruction for the automated manufacturing process. They also optimize the
designs for the efficient production and the quality of the product.
 Design Manager :
They support design teams, facilitate collaboration, and promote innovation and creativity.
They are also responsible for planning, organizing, and coordinating design activities within an
organization.
 Structural Engineer
They perform structural analysis, develop design calculations, and create construction drawings
to guide construction activities.
They analyze the structural components and systems of buildings, bridges, dams, and other
infrastructure projects.
 Electrical Engineer
They focus on the design, development, and testing of electrical systems, components, and
devices
 Systems Engineer
They focus on the design, development, and testing of applications software and system
management tools . Systems Engineers work across disciplines to ensure that systems meet
customer needs, performance goals, and quality standards.
• Production and Manufacturing:
They are responsible for the transformation of raw materials or components into finished
products through various manufacturing processes.
They oversee the Production Planning ,Process Management, Quality Control and Assurance
etc.
In Tata motors they oversee the assembly line operations to ensure vehicles are manufactured
efficiently and according to quality standards. Troubleshooting production issues and
implementing corrective actions. Monitoring production schedules and coordinating with
other departments to meet production targets.
 Production Supervisor
Production Supervisor Assigns tasks to workers and ensures that production targets are met.
Monitors workflow and identifies areas for improvement as well as Provide training and
guidance to production workers.
 Manufacturing Engineer
they help in Designs and improves manufacturing processes and systems.
Also they help to Develop and implement manufacturing methods and procedures
 Assembly Line Worker
they Perform assembly tasks to the production specifications .Operates machinery and tools to
assemble components or products.
 Quality Control Inspector
They Inspects products and materials to ensure they meet quality standards.
Performs visual inspections, measurements, and tests on samples.
 Production Planner
They involve in Developing production schedules and plans to meet customer demand.
Communicates production schedules and priorities to production teams.
 Plant Manager
They involve in Developing and implementing strategies to achieve production targets and
objectives . Provides leadership and direction to department managers and staff.
• Quality Assurance and Testing:
They are responsible for ensuring that products or services meet specified quality standards and
customer requirements.
In Tata motors they Inspect the vehicle components or finished vehicles to ensure they meet
quality standards. Conducting tests and experiments to identify potential defects or weaknesses
in vehicle designs. Analyzing data from tests to identify trends and recommend improvements.
 Quality Engineer
they Develop and implement quality control procedures and standards.
 Quality Assurance Analyst
They Develop and maintain quality assurance processes and procedures.
 Test Technician
they Performs testing and inspection of products to verify functionality and quality.
 Quality Inspector
They Inspects products and materials to ensure they meet quality standards and specifications.
 Failure Analysis Specialist
They Inspect products and materials to ensure they meet quality standards and specifications.
Generates reports and documentation to communicate findings and recommendations.
 Supplier Quality Engineer
They Assess and evaluates supplier performance and quality systems. Works with suppliers to
address quality issues and implement corrective actions

• Sales and Marketing:

In the industry, Sales and Marketing play vital roles in driving business growth, acquiring
customers, and promoting products or services effectively.

In tata motors they Identify the potential customers and reach out to them to promote Tata
Motors' products. They Analyze market trends and competitor activities to develop marketing
strategies.
 Sales Representative
They Demonstrate product features and benefits to potential customers.
 Marketing Manager
They implement marketing strategies to promote products or services. Analyzing marketing
data and Managing the marketing budget and allocating resources effectively.
 Product Manager
Manage the entire lifecycle of a product, from conception to launch and beyond.
 Sales Analyst
Analyzing sales data and trends to identify opportunities for growth of the company as well
as generating reports and dashboards to track sales performance.
 Brand Manager
Manage the brand assets, such as logos, trademarks, and messaging.
 Customer Relationship Manager
Understanding customer needs and preferences through regular communication and
feedback. Resolving customer issues and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner.
• Supply Chain Management:
Their responsible for managing the flow of goods, services, and information from suppliers to
customers from the raw material to the delivery of products at the final stage.
In Tata motors they Manage relationships with suppliers to ensure timely delivery of
components and materials. They also Monitor inventory levels and Identify the opportunities
for cost savings or efficiency improvements in the supply chain.
 Supply Chain Analyst
They Analyze supply chain data and performance metrics to identify trends, patterns, and
opportunities for improvement. They also Develop reports, dashboards, and visualizations to
communicate insights and recommendations to stakeholders.
 Logistics Coordinator
Coordinate the movement of goods and materials through the supply chain, including
transportation, warehousing, and distribution.
 Procurement Manager
They develop sourcing strategies, manage supplier relationships to optimize cost, quality, and
delivery. Also evaluate supplier performance and conduct supplier audits to ensure compliance
with contractual agreements and quality standards.- to get the amount of things from supplier
to company
 Inventory Planner
They develop inventory strategies, reorder points, and safety stock levels based on demand
forecasts and lead times. Plan and manage inventory levels to improve stock levels while
minimizing carrying costs and stock outs.
 Supplier Relationship Manager
They Communicate and negotiate with suppliers to address issues, resolve disputes, and
improve performance.
 Demand Planner
They Develop demand plans and production schedules to ensure that customer demand is met
while reducing excess inventory and stock outs.
• Finance and Accounting:
They manage the financial resources of the organization, ensuring compliance with regulations,
and supporting strategic decision-making to achieve long-term financial sustainability and
success.
In Tata motors they Manage financial transactions and maintain accurate accounting records.
They also Analyze financial data to prepare budgets and forecasts. Also ensure compliance with
financial regulations and company policies.
 Financial Analyst
They Analyze financial data, performance metrics, and trends to provide insights and
recommendations to management. They Prepare financial reports, presentations, and
dashboards to communicate findings and analysis to stakeholders.
 Accountant
They Prepare and maintain accurate and up-to-date financial records and reports.
 Financial Controller
They Provide financial guidance and support to senior management and other departments.
 Tax Manager
Conduct tax planning and research to identify tax-saving opportunities and reduce the
tax risks.
 Auditor
They monitor the company related accounts and assess the financial operations.

• Human Resources (HR) and Personnel:

They involve in activities like recruiting, hiring, training, managing, and supporting employees
throughout their employment lifecycle.
In Tata motors they Recruit and hire new employees to fill the vacant positions. Also
Administering employee benefits and handling payroll processing, As well as Resolving
employee disputes and conducting performance evaluations
 HR Generalist
They Provide support for various HR functions and maintain employee records and HR
databases.
 Recruitment Specialist
They will manage the recruitment process, including sourcing candidates, screening resumes,
and conducting interviews.
 Training and Development Manager
They assist training programs and Evaluate training effectiveness and track employee
participation and progress.
 Compensation and Benefits Analyst
They assist with the employee benefits programs, including health insurance, retirement plans,
benefits enrollment, claims processing, and employee inquiries.
 HR Business Partner
They Serve as a business leaders and provide guidance and support on workforce planning,
talent management, and organizational development.
 Employee Relations Manager
They Manage employee relations issues, including conflicts, grievances, and disciplinary actions.
• After Sales Service and Customer Support:
They assist customers after they have purchased a product or service.
In Tata motors they Monitor customer satisfaction and implement initiatives to improve
customer experience
 Service Technician
They check the maintenance, and installations of products or equipment at customer locations.
 Customer Service Representative
They Resolve customer issues, complaints, and concerns in a timely and professional manner.
 Warranty Administrator
They verify and Process warranty claims, replacements, and repairs in compliance with
warranty terms and conditions.
 Field Service Engineer
They Provide technical support, troubleshooting, installations, commissioning, and testing of
equipment at customer sites.
 Technical Support Specialist
They provide remote technical assistance and troubleshooting support to customers via phone,
email, or chat.
 Service Manager
To Manage a team of service technicians, customer service representatives,
and support staff.
• Information Technology (IT) and Digital Innovation:
They Manage IT projects from initiation to completion, including project planning, scheduling,
budgeting, and resource allocation
In Tata motors they Provide technical support to employees for computer systems and software
applications. And Secure the company data and networks from cyber threats.
 IT Support Specialist
They Provide technical assistance and support to end-users for hardware, software, and network-
related issues..
 Systems Analyst
They Evaluate existing systems and processes to identify areas for improvement and optimization.
 Software Developer
Conduct code reviews, testing, and debugging to ensure software quality and performance.
 Database Administrator
maintain database documentation, standards, and policies.
 Cyber security Analyst
maintain security controls, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and endpoint
protection.
 Digital Transformation Manager
implement digital strategies, roadmaps, and initiatives aligned with business objectives.

• Legal and Compliance:

They ensure the organization operations in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and
ethical standards.
In Tata motors they Monitor changes in laws and regulations that may affect Tata Motors'
operations and provide legal advice and guidance to management on various business matters.
 Corporate Counsel
They Provide legal advice and guidance on corporate governance, transactions, and regulatory
compliance.
 Compliance Officer
They implement, and oversee compliance programs, policies, and procedures.
 Legal Analyst
Conduct legal research and analysis on relevant laws, regulations, and precedents.
 Contracts Specialist
They Manage contract lifecycle, including contract creation, execution, and renewal processes.

• Corporate Communications and Public Relations:

They manage the organization's reputation, brand image, and external communications.
In Tata motors they Manage social media accounts and engage with followers to build brand
loyalty . Handle media inquiries and organizing press events or conferences
 Communications Specialist
They communicate messages to internal and external audiences on behalf of an organization.
 Public Relations Manager
They implement public relations strategies and campaigns to enhance the organization's
reputation and visibility.
 Media Relations Coordinator
They Monitor media coverage and compile media reports to track coverage and measure PR
efforts.
 Content Writer
They develop content for various communication channels, including press releases, blog
posts, articles, and website content.
 Social Media Manager
They Develop and execute social media strategies and campaigns to build brand awareness,
engagement, and advocacy.
 Corporate Affairs Officer
They Monitor and track legislative and regulatory developments that may impact the
organization's operations and interests.
• Corporate Strategy and Business Development:
They identify the growth opportunities, and strategic initiatives to achieve business objectives
In Tata motors they Evaluate potential mergers, acquisitions, or partnerships to support Tata
Motors' strategic objectives.
 Strategy Analyst
They Develop strategic frameworks, models, and methodologies to evaluate business
opportunities, assess market potential, and prioritize strategic initiatives.
 Business Development Manager
They Develop and execute strategic business development plans and initiatives aligned with
company objectives to improve the company growth
 Market Research Analyst
They Prepare reports, presentations, and recommendations based on research findings to
support strategic decision-making.
 Strategic Planning Manager
They Develop strategic plans, roadmaps, and action plans to guide organizational decision-
making and resource allocation.