Lecture - 1

Module : Psychology
Topic: Introduction Of
Psychology
Miss .Afifa Nukhat
Visiting Lecturer
Department of Business
Chapter 1
Introduction of Psycholoy
Robert S. Feldman
Ch 1 -2
Lecture Objectives
This lecturer aims:
 To Understand Definition Of Psychology
 To Understand Different Concepts in Psychology
Ch 1 -3
Introduction Of Psychology
 Psychology is the scientific study of mind and
behavior.
 The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words
“psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning
explanation.
Ch 1 -4
(Cont’d)
 Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular
topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday
lives.
 Television shows such as Dr. Phil feature psychologists
who provide personal advice to those with personal or
family difficulties.
Ch 1 -5
(Cont’d)
 Crime dramas such as CSI, Lie to Me, and others
feature the work of forensic psychologists who use
psychological principles to help solve crimes.
 And many people have direct knowledge about
psychology because they have visited psychologists, for
instance, school counselors, family therapists, and
religious, marriage, or bereavement counselors.
Ch 1 -6
(Cont’d)
 Because we are frequently exposed to the work of
psychologists in our everyday lives, we all have an idea
about what psychology is and what psychologists do.
 In many ways I am sure that your conceptions are
correct.
 Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do
provide counseling and therapy for people in distress.
Ch 1 -7
(Cont’d)
 But there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists in
the world, and most of them work in other places, doing
work that you are probably not aware of.
 Most psychologists work in research laboratories,
hospitals, and other field settings where they study the
behavior of humans and animals.
Ch 1 -8
(Cont’d)
 For instance, my colleagues in the Psychology
Department at the University of Maryland study
such diverse topics as anxiety in children, the
interpretation of dreams,
 the effects of caffeine on thinking, how birds
recognize each other, how praying mantises hear,
how people from different cultures react differently
in negotiation, and the factors that lead people to
engage in terrorism.
Ch 1 -9
(Cont’d)
 Other psychologists study such topics as alcohol and
drug addiction, memory, emotion, hypnosis, love, what
makes people aggressive or helpful, and the psychologies
of politics, prejudice, culture, and religion.
 Psychologists also work in schools and businesses, and
they use a variety of methods, including observation,

questionnaires, interviews, and laboratory studies, to help
them understand behavior.
Ch 1 -10
(Cont’d)
 Despite the differences in their interests, areas of study,

and approaches, all psychologists have one thing in
common:
 They rely on scientific methods.
Ch 1 -11
(Cont’d)
 Research psychologists use scientific methods to create
new knowledge about the causes of behavior, whereas
psychologist practitioners, such as clinical, counseling,
industrial-organizational, and school psychologists, use
existing research to enhance the everyday life of others.
 The science of psychology is important for both
researchers and practitioners.
Ch 1 -12
(Cont’d)
 In a sense all humans are scientists. We all have an
interest in asking and answering questions about our
world.
 We want to know why things happen, when and if they
are likely to happen again, and how to reproduce or
change them.
Ch 1 -13
(Cont’d)
 Such knowledge enables us to predict our own behavior
and that of others.
 We may even collect data (i.e., any information collected
through formal observation or measurement) to aid us in
this undertaking.
 It has been argued that people are “everyday scientists”
who conduct research projects to answer questions
about behavior
Ch 1 -14
(Cont’d)
 Difference between Psychologist & Psychiatrist
 Psychiatrist : MBBS , Specialization in Psychiatry
 Psychologist : Msc or Bs in psychology , MS or M.phill (in
some relevant field) or ADCP
Ch 1 -15
(Cont’d)
Treatment Of Psychiatrist:
 Psychiatrist treats with medicines of psychiatry
Treatment of Psychologist
Psychologist treats with therapy and counseling
Ch 1 -16
(Cont’d)
 Psychotics : More severe , needs
hospitalization ,dangerous for others and for
themselves , includes Schizophrenia and other
psychotic disorders
Neurotics : Less severe , needs no hospitalization ,

includes depression ,anxiety etc…
Ch 1 -17
(Cont’d)
 Psychosis = Schizophrenia and other
psychotic disorders
 Neurosis = Depression ,Anxiety , somatoform
Disorders etc…
 Difference between Normal and Abnormal
Behavior
Ch 1 -18
 Any question
afifanukhat@uosahiwal.edu.pk
Ch 1 -19
Many Thanks
Ch 1 -20

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Module : Psychology

 To Understand Different Concepts in Psychology

they use a variety of methods, including observation,

 Despite the differences in their interests, areas of study,

Neurotics : Less severe , needs no hospitalization ,

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