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    ThermalInstallations Lesson5

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    sarahhh123sarahh123

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    ThermalInstallations Lesson5

    Uploaded by

    sarahhh123sarahh123
    6 views14 pages

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    ThermalInstallations-lesson5

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    6 views14 pages

    ThermalInstallations Lesson5

    Uploaded by

    sarahhh123sarahh123

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    DEPARTMENT OF FLOW, HEAT AND

    COMBUSTION MECHANICS
    APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT
    TRANSFER

    THERMAL
    INSTALLATION
    Exercises 5: condensation & steam generator

    Partner Logo 1 Partner Logo 2 Partner Logo 3 Partner Logo 4


    HUMID AIR
    ̶ Humid air is a mixture of air and water vapour
    ̶ Relative humidity

    ̶ Humidity ratio

    ̶ You can assume mixture of ideal gasses


     conservation of mass and energy

    2
    HUMID AIR: CONDENSATION & FROSTING
    ̶ What happens if Twall < Tsat or < 0 °C?
    ̶ Condensation or frosting on the wall
    ̶ Extra thermal resistance

    3
    CONDENSATION IN A HEAT EXCHANGER
    ̶ LMTD not valid  LMED method

    First law of thermodynamics


    ˙
    𝑄= ˙ ⋅ 𝑐 𝑝 ⋅ ( 𝑇 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇 𝑖𝑛 )
    𝑚 ˙ =𝑚
    𝑄 ˙ ⋅ ( h 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − h𝑖𝑛 )
    Global heat transfer coefficient U

    1 1
    ln
    ( )
    𝑑𝑜
    𝑑𝑖 1 1
    =
    𝑏𝑟
    ′

    +
    ′
    𝑏 ⋅ ln
    𝑝 ( )
    𝑑𝑜
    𝑑𝑖
    +
    𝑐 𝑝 , 𝑎𝑖𝑟
    +
    𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
    𝑏𝑤 ,𝑚 ⋅ h 𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝜆𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
    ′

    = + +
    𝑈 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑒𝑥𝑡 h𝑖𝑛 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 2 ⋅ 𝜋 ⋅ 𝜆⋅ 𝐿 𝜂 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ h𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑈 𝑒𝑥𝑡 , 𝑤𝑒𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑒𝑥𝑡 h𝑖𝑛 ⋅ 𝐴𝑖𝑛 2⋅ 𝜋 ⋅ 𝜆 ⋅ 𝐿 𝐴 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 + 𝜂 𝑓𝑖𝑛 ,𝑤𝑒𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑓𝑖𝑛
    𝑏′𝑤 ,𝑝 𝑏 ′𝑤, 𝑚
    LMTD vs LMED
    ˙
    𝑄=𝑈 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐹 ⋅ Δ 𝑇 𝐿𝑀 ,𝑡𝑠
    ˙
    𝑄=𝑈 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐴 𝑒𝑥𝑡 ⋅ 𝐹 ⋅ Δ h 𝐿𝑀 ,𝑡𝑠

    4
    COEFFICIENT U
    ̶ Correction factors b’ based on the slope of the saturation curve for air
    (hair(T))
    ̶ Extra thermal resistance because of film (constant thickness of 0,1 mm)
    ̶ Only ‘sensible’ heat transfer coefficients
    Convection coefficient for wet exterior surface
    Sensible heat Film resistance

    𝜂 𝑓𝑖𝑛 , 𝑤𝑒𝑡 =0.9 ⋅𝜂 𝑓𝑖𝑛

    5
    LMED

    hwet is enthalpy of humid air and hcool is enthalpy of the water

    6
    EXERCISE 11

    7
    8
    STEAM GENERATOR CYCLE

    superheated steam

    evaporator superheater economiser air preheater


    furnace
    (EVA) (SUP) (ECO) (APH)

    saturated steam
    fuel water air

    9
    TEMPERATURE PROFILE
    evaporator superheater economiser air preheater
    furnace
    (EVA) (SUP) (ECO) (APH)

    Tsat

    10
    FURNACE
    • Black box representation

    air
    𝑚
    ˙ 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ⋅ h𝑎𝑖𝑟 hot flue gasses
    fuel furnace
    𝑚
    ˙ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ⋅ 𝐻 𝑢
    losses: environment, radiation, unburned

    𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑥𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 , …

    11
    RADIATION
    flue gasses (T1) flue gasses (T2)

    useful heat at evaporator:


    • radiation
    • convection

    air
    fuel

    12
    COMBUSTION
    ̶ simplification of combustion reactions
    ̶ Ln : air needed for stoichiometric combustion
    ̶ Vn : amount of flue gasses with stoichiometric combustion

    13
    EXERCISE 12

    14

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