Tabulation

“Tabulation”
INTRODUCTION
The classification of data leads to the
problem of presentation of data. The presentation
of data means exhibition of the data in such a
clear and attractive manner that these are easily
understood and analyzed. There many forms of
presentation of data of which the following three
are well known: (i). Textual Presentation, (ii).
Tabular Presentation, (iii). Diagrammatic
Presentation. Here, we discuses in detail Tabular
method of data presentation.
What is a Table:
 A table is a symmetric arrangement of

statistical data in rows and columns.
DEFINITIONS
“Table involves the orderly and systematic
presentation of numerical data in a form designed to
elucidate the problem under consideration.”
---According Prof. L.R.Connor,”
“Table in its broadest sense is an orderly

arrangement of data in column and rows. “
---According to Prof. M.M. Blaire
MEANING
In the light of above
mentioned definitions we can say in
brief, “Table is systematic
organization and presentation of
data in the form of rows and
columns. Whereas rows are
horizontal arrangements and
columns are vertical
arrangements.
Features of a good Table
 Title as compatible with the objective

of the study
 To facilitate comparison.
 Ideal Size
 Stubs
 Use of Zero
 Heading
cont…
 Abbreviation
 Footnote
 Total
 Source of data
 Size of Columns
 Simple, Economical and Attractive
Objectives of Tabulation
 To carry out investigation
 To do comparison
 To locate omissions and errors in
the data.
 To use space economically
 To simplify data
 To use it as future reference
Parts of a Table
 Table number
 Title of the table
 Caption and stubs
 Body
 Prefatory or head note
 Footnotes
Parts of a Table
Table Number and Title [Head or Prefatory Note (if any)]
Subheading Caption Total(Rows)

Subhead Subhead
Column-head Column-head Column-head
Sub Entries
Total (column)
Footnote :
Source Note :
Types of Tables
There are three basis of
classifying tables.
I. Purpose of a table
II. Originality of a table
III. Construction of a table.
Kinds of Tables
According to According to
According to
Purpose Construction
Originality
General Special Simple or

Original Complex
Purpose Purpose Derived Table One-Way
Table Table
Table Table Table
Double or
Manifold
Two-Way Treble Table Table
Table
I. According to Purpose
 General Purpose Table: General purpose

table is that table which is of general use.
It is does not serve any specific purpose or
specific problem under consideration.
 Special Purpose Table: Special Purpose

table is that table which is prepared with
some specific purpose in mind.
II. According to Originality
 Original Table: An original table is that in which

data are presented in the same form and manner
in which they are collected.
 Derived Table: A derived table is that in which

data are not presented in the form or manner in
which these are collected. Instead the data are
first converted into ratios or percentage and then
presented.
III. According to Construction
 Simple Table
 Complex Tables
a. Double or Two-Way Table

b. Three-Way Table
c. Manifold (or Higher Order) Table
Simple Table
In a simple table (also known as
one-way table), data are presented based on
only one characteristic. Table 1.1 illustrates
the concept.
Table 1.1 Faculty-wise Library Users
Faculties Number of Users
Science 50
Commerce 70
Arts 90
Total 210
Complex Tables
 In a complex table (also known as a manifold
table) data are presented according to two or
more characteristics simultaneously. The
complex tables are two-way or three-way tables
according to whether two or three
characteristics are presented simultaneously.
a. Double or Two-Way Table

b. Three-Way Table
c. Manifold (or Higher Order) Table
Double or Two-Way Table
In such a table, the variable under
study is further subdivided into two
groups according to two inter-related
characteristics. The two-way table is
shown in Table 1.2.
Numbers of User
Faculties
Girls Boys Total
Science 20 30 50
Commerce 30 40 70
Arts 35 55 90
Total 85 125 210

Three-Way Table
In such a table, the variable under

study is divided according to three
interrelated characteristics. The Three-
Way Table is shown in Table 1.3.
Numbers of User
Boys Total
Girls
Faculties
(1)+(2)
I Sem II Sem Total (1) I Sem II Sem Total (2)
Science
15 20 35 20 30 50 85
Commerce
35 30 65 45 40 85 150
Arts
25 35 60 35 55 90 150
Total
75 85 160 100 125 225 385
Manifold (or Higher Order)
Table
Such tables provide information

about a large no of interrelated
characteristics in the data set. Manifold (or
Higher Order) Table is shown in Table 1.4.
Numbers of User
B.A Ist B.A IInd
Total
Faculties Boys Girls Boys Girls
(1)+(2)
II I II II II
I I I
Sem Sem Sem Total (1) Sem Sem Total (2)
Sem Sem Sem
Science 15 34 20 54 123 20 45 30 27 122 245
Commerc 35 23 30 34 122 45 37 40 29 151 273
Arts 25 56 35 22 138 35 34 55 36 160 298

CONCLUSION
With the help of above discussion we
can say that table are help us to represent
the data in the form of rows and columns
and make it useful for the purposes.
Thank You

Tabulation

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“Tabulation”

 A table is a symmetric arrangement of

“Table in its broadest sense is an orderly

 Title as compatible with the objective

Subheading Caption Total(Rows)

Column-head Column-head Column-head

General Special Simple or

 General Purpose Table: General purpose

 Special Purpose Table: Special Purpose

 Original Table: An original table is that in which

 Derived Table: A derived table is that in which

a. Double or Two-Way Table

Faculties Number of Users

a. Double or Two-Way Table

Total 85 125 210

In such a table, the variable under

Such tables provide information

Science 15 34 20 54 123 20 45 30 27 122 245

Commerc 35 23 30 34 122 45 37 40 29 151 273

Arts 25 56 35 22 138 35 34 55 36 160 298

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