The document discusses various tools and equipment used in analytical chemistry laboratories including types of glassware, plasticware, pipettes, measuring equipment, reagents, and handling of reagents. It provides images and descriptions of common laboratory equipment such as volumetric flasks, burets, Kjeldahl flasks, triple beam balances, analytical balances, weighing bottles, weighing dishes, and desiccators.
The document discusses various tools and equipment used in analytical chemistry laboratories including types of glassware, plasticware, pipettes, measuring equipment, reagents, and handling of reagents. It provides images and descriptions of common laboratory equipment such as volumetric flasks, burets, Kjeldahl flasks, triple beam balances, analytical balances, weighing bottles, weighing dishes, and desiccators.
The document discusses various tools and equipment used in analytical chemistry laboratories including types of glassware, plasticware, pipettes, measuring equipment, reagents, and handling of reagents. It provides images and descriptions of common laboratory equipment such as volumetric flasks, burets, Kjeldahl flasks, triple beam balances, analytical balances, weighing bottles, weighing dishes, and desiccators.
The document discusses various tools and equipment used in analytical chemistry laboratories including types of glassware, plasticware, pipettes, measuring equipment, reagents, and handling of reagents. It provides images and descriptions of common laboratory equipment such as volumetric flasks, burets, Kjeldahl flasks, triple beam balances, analytical balances, weighing bottles, weighing dishes, and desiccators.
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TOOLS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LABORATORY EQUIMENTS AND REAGENTS
Topic Outline • Types of Glasswares • Types of Plasticwares • Pipettes and Different Classification of Pipettes • Other Laboratory Equipments • Equipments used in Measuring Mass • Reagents used in Analytical Chemistry • Handling of Reagents LABORATORY MATERIALS COREX has been strengthened chemically than thermally; 6x stronger than borosilicate VOLUMETRIC FLASK
Volumetric Volumetricflasks flasksare arecalibrated calibrated to to contain an accuratevolume. contain an accurate volume.
Weighing Weighingbottles bottlesare areused usedfor fordrying dryingsamples. samples. Hygroscopic Hygroscopicsamples samplesare areweighed weighedby by difference, keeping the bottle capped except when removing the sample. difference, keeping the bottle capped except when removing the sample.
ANALYTICAL REAGENTS WATER It is the most frequently used reagent in the laboratory.
Tap water- unsuitable for laboratory
applications. Water • 1.Distilled water- purified to remove almost all organic materials • 2.Deionized water- some or all ions are removed, although oraganic materials may still be present, so it is neither pure nor sterile. It is purified from previously treated water, such as prefiltered or distilled water. It is produced using either an anion or cation exchange resin, followed by replacement of the removed particles with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions. Water • 3.Reverse Osmosis- a process that uses pressure to force water through semipermeable membrane, producing water that reflects a filtered product of the original water. It does not remove dissolved gases and may be used as a pretreatment of water. Water • 4.Ultrafiltration- excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms a)Ultraviolet oxidation- removes some trace organic materials b)Sterilization process- uses specific wavelengths c)Ozone treatment Reagent grade water Reagent grade water It can be obtained by initially removing particulate matter, followed by reverse osmosis, deionization and restrictive filtration. Type I Water- used for methods requiring minimum interference, such as trace metal, iron and enzyme analyses. Type II Water-acceptable for most analytic requirements, including reagents, quality control, and standard preparation. Type III Water- acceptable for glassware washing but not for analysis or reagent preparation. Concentrated Acids This are strong inorganic acids that are often used in analytical determinations. Non-oxidizing acids- HCl, dilute H2SO4, and dilute HClO4 (concentrated H2SO4, and HClO4 act as oxidizing agents at elevated temperatures) Oxiding acids- HNO3 CLASSIFYING CHEMICALS • A.Technical/ Commercial Grade- relatively low purity and are thus used only in the preparation of cleansing solutions. • B.USP and NF Grade- follow the standards set by US Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, these chemicals contain impurities and are used for precised analytical purposes. Theses type of chemicals are encountered often in the medical, pharmaceutical and food additive fields. • C.Chemically Pure and analyzed grades- packed as analyzed grade and labels contain an assay of the major constituents. This type of chemical is usually preferred by most chemist. • D.Primary Standard Grade- highest degree of purity. it is used to standardized solutions to high degree of accuracy and are labelled “conforms to ACS specifications” Handling of Reagents HANDLING OF REAGENTS • 1. Stock bottles or reagents should always be covered either by a glass or rubber stopper to avoid contamination. • 2. To remove the stopper from a reagent bottle, hold the stopper with the first portion between the index and second finger and with the plug projecting from the back of the hand. Stoppers are placed with the flat top inverted on the glasswatch. • 3. Liquids are transferred quantitatively into another container with the use of pipet or with the aid of a stirring rod firmly against the side tip of the vessel. • 4. Excess reagents should be flushed down with plenty of water and should never be returned to the reagent bottle. • 5. Solids are spooned out with a perfectly clean and dry spatula to avoid contamination. The mouth of the reagent bottle should be titled slightly downward to give a fine flow of the chemical. • 6. Acid solutions are prepared by pouring acid to water; alkaline solutions are prepared by pouring the alkali to water. THANK YOU! PREPARE FOR A QUIZ
