ASSIGNMENT 1

Group •Dhivash Ramadas •SX221834EELHF04

•SX230731EELHS04
3
•Sharvin Naragaju
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
•Uthayakumar A/L Manoharan •SX230248EELHS04
SEE1013 •Sadruddin Yamin Bin Sabarudin •SX230243EELHS04
•Kirruthigan A/L Subrumanion •SX230777EELHS04
 Introduction
Understanding the basic laws of electrical circuits is fundamental to comprehending how electricity behaves within a system.
These laws serve as the cornerstone for electrical engineering and are pivotal in designing, analyzing, and troubleshooting
circuits. Two fundamental laws govern the behavior of electrical circuits: Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws.

Ohm's Law, formulated by Georg Simon Ohm, establishes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R)
in an electrical circuit. It is expressed by the equation V = IR, where voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the
current passing through it and inversely proportional to the resistance.

Kirchhoff's Laws, devised by Gustav Kirchhoff, consist of two principles: Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current
Law (KCL). KVL states that the total voltage around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage
drops within that loop. KCL asserts that the total current flowing into a junction or node in a circuit is equal to the total
current flowing out of that junction.

Mastering these laws enables engineers and enthusiasts to analyze circuit behavior, calculate parameters, determine
component values, and predict outcomes in electrical systems. By applying these foundational principles, engineers can
design and optimize circuits for a myriad of applications, from simple electronic devices to complex power systems.
 Problem Statement
• Equivalent Resistance between Points A and B: To find the equivalent resistance
between points A and B, use methods like series and parallel resistance combinations. If
the circuit has multiple resistors connected in series or parallel, apply the respective
formulas to determine the equivalent resistance

• Voltage Drop across the 6-ohm Resistor: If you want to find the voltage drop across the
6-ohm resistor, ensure you know the current passing through it. Use Ohm's Law: V = IR,
where V is the voltage drop, I is the current, and R is the resistance (6 ohms in this
case).

• Power Absorbed in the 6-ohm Resistor: Power absorbed by a resistor can be calculated
using the formula: Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) or Power = Current² × Resistance
(P = I²R). Once you have the voltage drop across the resistor and the current passing
through it, use these formulas to find the power absorbed.
 Objective
Equivalent Resistance (Rab) between terminals a-b:
• Analyze the circuit to identify series and parallel resistor combinations.
• Use the appropriate formulas for series and parallel resistors to calculate the equivalent
resistance between terminals a and b.

(ii) Voltage drop across the 6 Ω resistor (Vx):

• Determine the current passing through the 6 Ω resistor (I) using circuit analysis
techniques (e.g., Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws).
• Apply Ohm's Law (V = IR) using the current value and the resistance of the 6 Ω resistor
to find the voltage drop (Vx) across it.

(iii) Power absorbed by the 6 Ω resistor:

• Once you have the voltage drop (Vx) across the 6 Ω resistor, calculate the current
passing through it (I).
• Use the formula for power (P = VI or P = I²R) to determine the power absorbed by the
resistor.
 Methadology
• Theory

Apply principles of series

Determine the current
and parallel resistor
Analyze the circuit to identify passing through the 6 Ω
combinations to determine
series and parallel resistor resistor using circuit analysis
the total equivalent
combinations. techniques which is Ohm's
resistance between
Law
terminals a and b.

Apply Ohm's Law (V = IR)

Use the formulas P = I²R to Once Vx is known, calculate using the current value and
determine the power the current passing through the resistance of the 6 Ω
absorbed by the resistor. the 6 Ω resistor. resistor to find the voltage
drop (Vx) across it.
 Methodology
Utilize simulation tools Vary resistor values or
• Simulation Use circuit simulation to calculate the configurations in the
software LTspice to equivalent resistance simulation to observe
model the circuit. between terminals a changes in the
and b. equivalent resistance.

Confirm the simulated Measure the voltage Set up the circuit in a

Vx matches the across the 6 Ω resistor simulation tool and
calculated value from in the simulation to simulate the current
theoretical analysis. determine Vx. flow through the circuit.

Simulate the circuit to Use simulation results

Calculate the current
obtain the voltage drop to calculate the power
passing through the
across the 6 Ω resistor absorbed by the 6 Ω
resistor.
(Vx). resistor.
 Result and Discussion
Question 3
• For the circuit shown in Figure Q3 by
using Basic Laws of electrical circuits,
determine;~
• (i) the equivalent resistance between the
terminals a-b. Rab

• (ii) the voltage drop across the resistor 6

Ω. Vx

• (iii) the power absorbed by

the 6 Ω resistor.
 Simplify the circuit
i. The equivalent resistance between the terminals a-b. Rab

1/R= 1/8 + 1/8 R= 4 + 6

R= 4Ω R= 10Ω
 1/R= 1/10 + 1/40 R= 12 + 8 1/R= 1/80 + 1/20
V=IR R= 8Ω R= 20Ω R= 16Ω
R= 9/16
R= 8Ω
 (ii) the voltage drop across the resistor 6 Ω. Vx

By using Current By using Current

V=IR
Divider Divider
I= 9/16
I= 0.5625A =(80/80+20) X 0.5625 =(40/40+10) X 0.45
= 0.45A = 0.36A
(ii) Voltage drop across the resistor 6 Ω. Vx =IR
Vx = 0.36A X 6Ω
Vx = 2.16V
(iii) Power absorbed by the 6 Ω resistor.
P=I² R
P= 0.36² X 6
P= 0.777W
No Value need to find Result at Simulation Therotical Calculation

1 Total Resistance 16Ω 16Ω

2 Current at 6Ω 0.36A 0.36A

3 Voltage drop across at 6Ω 2.16V 2.16V

4 Power absorbed at 6Ω 0.777W 0.777W

SIMULATION
(ii) Voltage Drop across the resistor 6 Ohm

Voltage Drop: 2.16V

(iii) Power absorbed by the 6 Ohm resistor

• Power absorbed:
0.777W
 Conclusion
Resistor equivalent of point a
and b can be find by simplify
the circuit diagram.

With Parallel resistors

Current divider is being wouldn’t get the total
applied at the simplified current; need to divide it,
circuit to find the current because the current entering
across 6 ohm resistor so that a parallel combination of
we can find the voltage drop resistors is equal to the sum
across the 6 ohm resistor. of the current through each
resistor in parallel.

The current through each Basic Law of electrical circuit

resistor is related to its can be applied to find the
resistance, given that the voltage drop and power
voltage across all resistors is absorbed at the resistor
the same. component.
 References

• https://byjusexamprep.com/gate-ece/kirchhoffs-law
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/ohms-law-definition-relationship-
between-voltage-current-resistance.html#:~:text=Ohm's%20law%20st
ates%20that%20current,is%20resistance%20in%20ohms%20(%20)
.
• Parallel resistors and current division (document week 2)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTjEMBe4NpY&t=50s
 Appendix