AGRICULTURE IN UTTAR PRADESH

By; VIMAL PRATAP PANDEY

Department of Agriculture UP
1

Agro Climatic Zones in U.P.

Tarai Western Plain Central Western Plain Semi Arid South Western Plain Central Plain Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain
District of Eastern Region

Vindhyan Area

Eastern Districts (27) in UP

Allahabad, Kaushambi, Pratapgarh, Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur Jaunpur, Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Sant. Ravidas Nagar, Azamgarh, Mau, Ballia, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushinagar, Basti, Siddhartha Nagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Sultanpur, Gonda, Balrampur, Bahraich and Shravasti
3

District under different Agro-Climatic Zones

Sr. No. Agro- climatic zone District

1 2

Central plain Eastern plain

Allahabad, Kaushambi, Pratapgarh

3 5

Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Sultanpur, Azamgarh, Mau, Ballia, S. Ravi Das Ngr Vindhyan Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, North Eastern plain Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushi Nagar, Basti, Siddharth Nagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, Gonda, Balrampur, Bahraich, Shravasti
4

Characteristic & Constraints

Central Plain Zone Soils are highly productive vary from sandy loam to clay loam. Constraints
Sodicity, Poor water management and deficiency of Micro Nutrients. Low organic carbon.

Eastern Plain Zone Sodic and Diara Land. Plenty of ground water but surface water is scanty. Constraints
Poor Water Management in Canal Command Area. Low seed replacement Rate (SRR). Late sowing of Wheat in Paddy-Wheat crop sequence.
5

Characteristic & Constraints

North Eastern Plain Zone Abundant surface and ground water. Soils are alluvial and calcareous.
Constraints Flood and Poor Drainage Late sowing of Wheat in Paddy-Wheat sequence. Lack of adoption of hybrids Rice & Maize.

Vindhyan Zone
Most of the lands are undulating and rocky besides alluvial in plain area. Constraints Low fertility and Irrigation problem. Low Seed Replacement Rate (SRR).
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Agriculture Profile
Sl. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6

Item
Reported Area Forest Barren and unculturable land Permanent Pastures Culturable waste land Fallow land(a) Old fallow (b) Current fallow Net area Sown Gross cropped area Area Sown more than once Cropping intensity Net irrigated area Gross irrigated area Total problematic land (a) Flooded area/Submergenc (b) Sodic land

Area of Eastern U.P (in Lac ha.)

65.80 7.80 1.40 0.16 1.23 1.90 5.45 55.00 85.30 30.30 155.60 40.70 58.17 12.79 3.48/6.00 1.60

Area of U.P (in Lac ha.)

241.70 16.57 5.07 0.64 4.40 5.42 12.85 165.73 254.15 88.41 153.54 133.13 192.18 45.83 4.84/8.20 6.75
7

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Category wise Status Farmers of Eastern U.P.

150 130 110 90 70 50 30 10 -10 Marginal Small Big
8
Total No. Of farmers Family- in % Category wise total land share- in % Category wise farmers holding- in ha

82
39 0.35 37.5 1.2

23.5

13

3.63

Productivity of Rice
(qtl / ha.)

Average Productivity Eastern Region Average Productivity Uttar Pradesh

in in

19.9

20.3

No of districts below states average

21

Productivity of Wheat
(qtl / ha.)

Average Productivity in Eastern Region

Average Pradesh Productivity in Uttar

26.0
28.6 14

No of districts below state average

10

Productivity of Rabi Maize

Rabi Maize is cultivated in 7 districts Ballia, Deoria, Kushinagar, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Gonda and Bahraich of eastern UP.

The area in eastern UP is 12296 ha.

Area in entire UP is 12445 ha. The productivity of eastern UP and Uttar Pradesh are 29 Q / ha.
11

Productivity of Sugarcane
(qtl / ha.)

Average Productivity in Eastern Region

481.6

Average Productivity in Uttar

Pradesh

565.4

No of districts below States

average

12

12

Fertility Status of Primary Nutrients

Nutrients
Nitrogen

Status
Three districts have very low status 24 Districts have low status

Phosphate

15 Districts have very low status. 11 Districts have low status

Potash

21 Districts have medium status

Only 6 districts have high status

13

Fertility Status of Sulphur and Micro nutrients Nutrients

Sulphur Zinc Iron Manganese

Status
4 districts have deficient status Remaining 23 districts have marginal status 12 districts have deficient status. Remaining 15 districts have marginal status Only 6 districts have sufficient status. Remaining 21 districts have marginal status. 13 districts have sufficient status. Remaining 14 districts have marginal status

Copper

20 districts have sufficient status. Remaining 7 districts have marginal status

14

Major Concerns
Fragmented and small size of land holding. Seed Low SRR Inadequacy of suitable genotypes. The deteriorating Soil Health

Insufficient use of organic manure and less adoption of Green Manuring Imbalanced use of chemical fertilizer Inadequacy of beneficial Micro-flora.
Inadequate credit flow Depleting ground water
15

Major Concerns (Contd..)

Problematic Soils
Problem of sodicity

Problem of submergence.
Flooded land Khadar and Diyara land

Weak extension network Slow pace of mechanization Increasing cost of cultivation Inadequate pace of research and technology development Poor post harvest management
16

Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP

1. Increasing Seed Replacement Rate 2. Restoring Soil health
2.1 2.2 2.3 Strategic campaign for Green Manuring and Composting. Use of quality bio fertilizers Balanced use of chemical fertilizer.

3. Water management
3.1 3.2 Judicious and timely use of irrigation water Effort to reduce dependence on rain.

4. Management of problematic land 4.1 Improvement of Sodic lands with use of Gypsum.
4.2 Strengthening of Drainage System.
17

Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP

5. Technology dissemination
5.1 Organizing Mega Farmer Fare in each agro climatic zones. Involvement of 17000 input dealers in technology dissemination. (Vikreta Se Visheshyagya) through capacity building. Exposure visit, Kisan Mela and farmers training programme Farm School for Farmer to Farmer extension. Popularization of modern agricultural implements and their distribution. Demonstration of new agricultural implements
18

5.2

5.3 5.4 6.1 6.2

6. Mechanization

7. Establishment of Mandi with in 100 sq km radius.

Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP

8. Minimizing cost of cultivation
8.1 Popularizing line sowing 8.2 Adoption of IPM and IPNM techniques. 8.3 Use of Zero till 8.4 Promotion of SRI technique of Rice cultivation 8.5 Maximum use of Organic / Green manure

9. Research and technology development

9.1 Release of high yielding varieties and hybrid Rice strain. 9.2 Release of thermo tolerant verities. 9.3 Less water loving varieties 9.4 Increase of self life of produce.

10. Paddy
10.1 Increasing

SRR / VRR. 10.2 Distribution of Hybrid Rice seed 10.3 20% area of paddy under Hybrid Rice 10.4 Scented Rice to occupy 5-7% area specially with improved strain of Kala Namak 10.5 Cultivation of summer paddy in flooded land
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Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP

11. Wheat 11.1 Timely sowing & Proper placement of seed and fertilizer by use of Zero till. 11.2 Line sowing 11.3 Judicious and timely use of irrigation water 11.4 Increasing SRR/VRR. 12. Sugarcane 12.1 Increasing Seed & Varietal Replacement Rate. 12.2 Adoption of crunch method of planting. 12.3 Intercropping. 13. Maize 13.1 Increasing area under Hybrid and High Yielding Varieties. 13.2 Extension of area under Rabi Maize in Eastern UP 20

21

Status of Seed Distribution & Proposed Target

In qtl.

Crop

Distribution 2008-09

Distribution 2009-10

Proposed target 2010-11

Rice Wheat Maize

380312 1373710 20138

380110 1511080 22151

418121 1662180 24366

22

Status of Fertilizer Distribution

( in MT)

Sr. No.

Distribution (2008-09) 971864 377273 92453 1441590

Distribution (2009-10) 1069050 415000 101698 1585748

Proposed Target 2010-11 1229407 477250 116952 1823609

23

N P K Total

Status of Crop Loan Distribution

(in crores Rs.)

Achievement 2008-09

Achievement 2009-10

2010-11 (Proposed)

3515.69

3849.85

8472.00

24

Status of Mechanization
(in No.)

Implements

Distribution 2008-09 1902

Distribution 2009-10 2591

Proposed target 2010-11 2795

Rotavator

Zero Till
Seed drill Conoweeder

205
265 2988

460
605 4832

721
915 7020

25

Component wise proposed activities

Sr. No.
1

Component
Rice

Activities
Demonstration, seed distribution, agricultural implements, Capacity building, Gypsum distribution for reclamation of scattered patches of sodic land, micro nutrient application and contingency. Demonstration, sprinkler sets, seed distribution, bio fertilizer, agricultural implements, Capacity building, incentive for line sowing, green manuring with Dhaincha, incentive for Dhaincha seed production and contingency.

Wheat

Rabi Maize

Demonstration, bio fertilizer, seed distribution, Capacity building, contingency.

4
5

Sugarcane
Creation of additional Irrigation potential

Demonstration, Pyrilla control, Capacity building, contingency.

Shallow Borings with dedicated pump sets

26

Benefits and Outcome

In all 5,60,130 farmers will be benefited by the project. Enhancement of productivity of Rice, Wheat, Rabi Maize by 2 Q / ha and Sugarcane by 10 Q/ ha. Soil health (Soil fertility and soil productivity) will be maintained for posterity . Water use efficiency will increase by use of sprinkler. The time for various agricultural operation will be tangibly reduced through mechanization. Reclamation of isolated patches of sodic lands by use of Gypsum in these areas will have additional food production at least 5 Q / ha. The following outcome is expected Additional production and productivity will improve the economy of farmers which will in turn ensure the better livelihood and consequently elevating them to higher notches of Human Development index (HDI). 27

Component wise allocation of funds

Sr. No Components

Amount (Rs. In lakh)

2336.544
1155.115 56.075 1419.077

1 2 3 4 5

Rice Wheat Rabi Maize Sugarcane Creation of Irrigation potential

709.190
5726.810
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Total

Requirement of funds for Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Rs. In Crores

Total Fund available from Actual Requirement different schemes requirement of fund from GOI

Remark

1040.27

190.00 NFSM 643.00 Other state schemes 833.00

207.27

57.27 Crore provision in green revolution project 150.00 Crore Addl. requirement
29

Category wise Status U.P.

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Marginal Small Big
30
Total No. Of farmers

Family- in %
Category wise total land share- in % Category wise farmers holding- in ha

77
37 24.3 38.7

14
0.4 1.4

3.63

Productivity of Rice
S.No

Districts CHANDAULI KUSHI NAGAR

Productivity 26.2 24.5

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

SHRAVASTI GORAKHPUR BAHRAICH VARANASI MIRZPUR AZAMGARH BASTI

18.8 18.3 18.2 18.1 18.1 17.9 17.8

1 2

3
4 5 6

AMBEDKAR NAGAR
MHARAJGANJ ALLAHABAD BALRAMPUR

23.7
22.8 22.5 21.7

7
8 9 10

FAIZABAD
GHAZIPUR SULTANPUR PRATAPGARH

21.2
21.1 20.2 19.8

22
23 24 25

KAUSHAMBI
SANT KABIR NGR S. RAVI DAS NGR BALLIA

17.7
17.5 17.4 17.2

11
12 13 14

JAUNPUR
DEORIA SIDDHARTH NAGAR GONDA

19.7
19.5 19.4 18.8

26
27

MAU
SONBHADRA Eastern Region UTTAR PRADESH

16.1
9.6 19.9 20.3
31

Productivity of Wheat
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Districts AMBEDKAR NAGAR BALRAMPUR KUSHI NAGAR MHARAJGANJ GONDA SULTANPUR FAIZABAD BAHRAICH JAUNPUR GORAKHPUR Productivity 31.7 29.4 29.2 28.5 28.1 27.8 27.6 27.4 27.2 27.1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 MAU SANT KABIR NGR SHRAVASTI BASTI GHAZIPUR PRATAPGARH SIDDHARTH NAGAR S. RAVI DAS NGR ALLAHABAD CHANDAULI KAUSHAMBI MIRZPUR SONBHADRA Eastern Region UTTAR PRADESH 25.9 25.6 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.3 24.2 23.5 22.9 22.9 19.6 14.8 26.0 28.6

11
12 13 14

DEORIA
VARANASI BALLIA AZAMGARH

26.6
26.3 26.0 25.9

32

Productivity of Sugarcane
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Districts JAUNPUR MHARAJGANJ BAHRAICH GORAKHPUR KUSHI NAGAR SONBHADRA SULTANPUR CHANDAULI S. RAVI DAS NGR Productivity 554.2 528.7 528.7 519.0 514.5 507.6 507.2 506.3 505.6 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 GHAZIPUR BALRAMPUR DEORIA PRATAPGARH FAIZABAD AMBEDKAR NAGAR ALLAHABAD 481.6 479.6 478.4 473.4 473.1 472.8 468.0

22
23 24 25 26

KAUSHAMBI
GONDA VARANASI AZAMGARH MAU

467.6
441.6 432.4 415.9 396.7

10
11 12 13 14

SANT KABIR NGR

SIDDHARTH NAGAR MIRZPUR BASTI SHRAVASTI

505.2
504.5 502.9 502.0 490.2

27

BALLIA
Eastern Region UTTAR PRADESH

331.2
481.6 565.4
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Salient Features of Eastern UP

Average Percentage of small & marginal farmer in eastern UP Average Percentage of small & marginal farmer in Uttar Pradesh Highest Percentage of small & marginal farmer in eastern UP (St. Ravidas Nagar, Jaunpur, Varanasi) Percent net area sown of reporting area in eastern UP Percent net area sown of reporting area in Uttar Pradesh 94.6 91.1 97.7

63.8 67.9
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Salient Features of Eastern UP (Contd..)

Percent net irrigated area in eastern UPPercent net irrigated area in Uttar Pradesh 76.2

79.7

Cropping Intensity in eastern UP

155.6 154.2
35

Cropping Pradesh

Intensity

in

Uttar

Status of Irrigation Potential Creation

Area in Lakh ha

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11 (Proposed) 3.11

2.43

2.70

36

Agriculture Profile
Sl. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6

Item
Reported Area Forest Barren and unculturable land Permanent Pastures Culturable waste land Fallow land(a) Old fallow (b) Current fallow Net area Sown Gross cropped area Area Sown more than once Cropping intensity Net irrigated area Gross irrigated area

Area in Lakh ha.

241.70 16.57 5.07 0.64 4.40 5.42 12.85 165.73 254.15 88.41 153.54 133.13 192.18
37

7 8 9 10 11 12

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010)
Decisions ATR

Allocation of Eastern DPR already submitted UP is 57.27crore against this amount. Proportionate Already done allocation to Rice, Wheat, Rabi Maize and Sugarcane after analyzing the problems of different crops
38

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010) (Contd..)
Decisions
Stare should focus on promotion of Hybrid Rice, Promotion of submergence tolerant Rice varieties, treatment of problematic areas, mechanization, green manuring (GM), summer moong between Rice and Wheat Crops etc.

ATR
Promotion of Hybrid Rice, Submergence Tolerant Rice varieties and mechanization is is proposed under the project besides same component under NFSM- Rice. Summer Moong will be covered under NFSM pulse components. GM is a part of cropping system which is taken as an interlude between wheat & Rice. The project envisages promotion of hybrid Rice. Special efforts will be made to popularize summer paddy in traditional water logged areas. where kharif paddy is not possible. Improved cultivar of Kala Namak Rice will also be promoted 39

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010) (Contd..)
Decisions ATR

Allocation made to AH and Reallocated in revised fisheries components DPR should be re-allocated for providing irrigation water at the command of farmers by installing shallow tubewells.

40

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010) (Contd..)
Decisions ATR

State should adopt The amount available under this integrated farming project is only 57.27 Crore which system demonstris only sufficient for adopting ation along Sharda proposed interventions. However Sahayak canal Area this project (Proposed by for 1 million ha. CSSRI, Lucknow centre) can be which is lying taken up under local initiative vaccant to treat component of NFSM. The Saline Alkali Soils preparation of the project is under way.
41

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010) (Contd..)
Decisions ATR
with been the

State needs to go for Intercropping intercropping in sugarcane pulses have with pulses in about 5 proposed in Lakh ha. of area out of 10 project. Lakh ha. covered under Sugarcane crop in Eastern U.P.

42

Action Taken Report (ATR) on decisions of Experts group meeting (13-14 May 2010) (Contd..)

Decisions

ATR

State is required to modify Revised plan has been the plan and prepare prepared and sent to action plan based on the GoI on 26 May, 2010 revised strategic plan for seeking approval of SLSC.

43

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