Vectors

VECTORS
SCALAR
Scalar
A SCALAR quantity Example Magnitude
is any quantity in Speed 35 m/s
physics that has
MAGNITUDE ONLY Distance 25 meters
Age 16 years
Number value
with units
VECTOR
Vector Magnitude and
A VECTOR quantity Example Direction
is any quantity in Velocity 35 m/s, North
physics that has Acceleration 10 m/s2, South

BOTH MAGNITUDE Force 20 N, East
and DIRECTION
An arrow above the symbol
illustrates a vector quantity.
It indicates MAGNITUDE and
DIRECTION
VECTOR APPLICATION
ADDITION: When two (2) vectors point in the SAME direction, simply
add them together.
EXAMPLE: A man walks 46.5 m east, then another 20 m east.

Calculate his displacement relative to where he started.
46.5 m, E + 20 m, E
MAGNITUDE relates to the

size of the arrow and
66.5 m, E DIRECTION relates to the
way the arrow is drawn
VECTOR APPLICATION
SUBTRACTION: When two (2) vectors point in the OPPOSITE direction,
simply subtract them.
EXAMPLE: A man walks 46.5 m east, then another 20 m west.

Calculate his displacement relative to where he started.
46.5 m, E
-
20 m, W
26.5 m, E
Vectors are always added head to tail
For example draw what you think it would look like if I
added these two vectors together: A+B. Then draw what
you think A-B would look like.
A B
A+B
A-B
You try on the whiteboard
C
A B
a.A+C
b.B+C
c.A-B
d.C-B
e.A+B
NON-COLLINEAR VECTORS
When two (2) vectors are PERPENDICULAR to each other, you must
use the PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
FINIS
FINIS
Example: A man travels 120 km east H
H
then 160 km north. Calculate his the hypotenuse is
called the RESULTANT
resultant displacement.
160 km, N
c 2  a2  b2  c  a2  b2 VERTICAL
COMPONENT
c  resul tant  120  160 

2 2
c  200 km 120 km, E
HORIZONTAL COMPONENT
WHAT ABOUT DIRECTION?
In the example, DISPLACEMENT asked for and since it is a VECTOR quantity,
we need to report its direction.
W of N E of N
N of E
N of W
N of E
W E
S of W S of E
NOTE: When drawing a right triangle that
conveys some type of motion, you MUST draw
W of S E of S
your components HEAD TO TOE.
S
NEED A VALUE – ANGLE!
Just putting N of E is not good enough (how far north of east ?).
We need to find a numeric value for the direction.
To find the value of the angle

we use a Trig function called
TANGENT.
200 km
160 km, N
opposite side 160
Tan     1.333
 N of E adjacent side 120
120 km, E 
 Tan 1
(1.333)  53.1o
So the COMPLETE final answer is : 200 km, 53.1 degrees North of East

What are your missing
components?
Suppose a person walked 65 m, 25 degrees East of North. What were
his horizontal and vertical components?
The goal: ALWAYS MAKE A RIGHT
H.C. = ?
TRIANGLE!
V.C = ? To solve for components, we often use the

25 65 m trig functions since and cosine.
adjacent side opposite side
cosine  sine 
hypotenuse hypotenuse
adj  hyp cos  opp  hyp sin 
adj  V .C.  65 cos 25  58.91m, N

opp  H .C.  65 sin 25  27.47 m, E
A bear, searching for food wanders 35 meters east then 20
meters north. Frustrated, he wanders another 12 meters
west then 6 meters south. Calculate the bear's displacement.
 Draw the vector diagram

 Combine ‘like’ vectors
 Determine the resultant AND the angle of direction
Example
A bear, searching for food wanders 35 meters east then 20 meters north. Frustrated, he
wanders another 12 meters west then 6 meters south. Calculate the bear's displacement.
23 m, E
- =
12 m, W
- =
14 m, N
6 m, S
20 m, N
R  14 2  232  26.93m
14
35 m, E R 14 m, N Tan    .6087
23

  Tan 1 (0.6087)  31.3
23 m, E
The Final Answer: 26.93 m, 31.3 degrees NORTH or EAST
A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in a river which flows
with a velocity of 8.0 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant
velocity with respect to due north.

 Combine ‘like’ vectors (if necessary)
Example
A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in a river which flows
with a velocity of 8.0 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant
velocity with respect to due north.
Rv  82  152  17 m / s
8.0 m/s, W
8
15 m/s, N
Tan    0.5333
Rv  15
  Tan 1 (0.5333)  28.1
The Final Answer : 17 m/s, @ 28.1 degrees West of North

A plane moves with a velocity of 63.5 m/s at 32 degrees
South of East. Calculate the plane's horizontal and
vertical velocity components.

Example
A plane moves with a velocity of 63.5 m/s at 32 degrees South of East. Calculate the
plane's horizontal and vertical velocity components.

H.C. =? hypotenuse hypotenuse
32 adj  hyp cos  opp  hyp sin 
V.C. = ?
63.5 m/s
adj  H .C.  63.5 cos 32  53.85 m / s, E
opp  V .C.  63.5 sin 32  33.64 m / s, S
A storm system moves 5000 km due east, then shifts course at 40
degrees North of East for 1500 km. Calculate the storm's resultant
displacement.

Example
A storm system moves 5000 km due east, then shifts course at 40 degrees
North of East for 1500 km. Calculate the storm's resultant
displacement.
1500 km hypotenuse hypotenuse
V.C.
adj  hyp cos  opp  hyp sin 
40
5000 km, E H.C.
adj  H .C.  1500 cos 40  1149 .1 km, E
opp  V .C.  1500 sin 40  964.2 km, N
5000 km + 1149.1 km = 6149.1 km R  6149.12  964.2 2  6224.2 km

964.2
Tan    0.157
6149.1
R
964.2 km 
 Tan 1
(0.157)  8.92 o

6149.1 km The Final Answer: 6224.2 km @ 8.92
degrees, North of East


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VECTORS

physics that has Acceleration 10 m/s2, South

EXAMPLE: A man walks 46.5 m east, then another 20 m east.

MAGNITUDE relates to the

EXAMPLE: A man walks 46.5 m east, then another 20 m west.

c  resul tant  120  160 

c  200 km 120 km, E

To find the value of the angle

V.C = ? To solve for components, we often use the

adj  V .C.  65 cos 25  58.91m, N

 Draw the vector diagram

 Draw the vector diagram

The Final Answer : 17 m/s, @ 28.1 degrees West of North

 Draw the vector diagram

adjacent side opposite side

 Draw the vector diagram

5000 km + 1149.1 km = 6149.1 km R  6149.12  964.2 2  6224.2 km

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