All About Grammar

By Teacher Maynine
 • 12 TENSES IN ENGLISH
Present Simple Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Past Simple Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Simple Tense
Future Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
1. I go to school. (S+ V1)
2. I went to school. (S+ V2)
3. I will go to school. (S+ will + V infinitive)
4. I have gone to school. (S+ has/have + V3)
5. I had gone to school. (S+ Had+ V3)
6. I will have gone to school. (S+ will have +V3)
7. I am going to school. ( S+ am/is/are + Ving)
8. I was going to school. (S+ was/ were + Ving)
9. I will be going to school. (S+ will be + Ving)
10. I have been going to school. (S+ has/have +been+ Ving)
11. I had been going to school.(S+ Had+been +Ving)
12. I will have been going to school.(S+ will have been +Ving)
 BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR RULES
• Modal verbs
• WH - Questions
• Question Tags
• Conditionals
• This, that, these, those
• Preposition
• Passive voice
• Comparative and superlative
• Relative clause
• Enough
• Countable and uncountable noun
• Do or make
• So, too, either, neither
• either or, neither nor, not only … but also, both…and
• Irregular verb
• Adverbs of frequency
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Possessive adjectives and pronouns
• Article
• Reported speech
• Subject/ verb inversion
• Conjunction: and, but, so, because
• Structure: too …to …
• Structure: such … that …
• Structure: it’s time to …./ it’s (high) time …
• Structure: It’s no good/ use + V-ING, …
• Structure: so …that
• Quantifier: some and any, much and many, a lot
Modal
Usages Examples
verbs
Ability I can play the piano very well.
​ Permissi
Can I go now?
on
Possibilit
It can be a very good day tomorrow.
y
I can help you with this homework.
Offer
Can Don’t worry!
Request Can you please pass me the salt?
Ability in I could play the piano well when I
the past was 9.
​
Polite
permissi Excuse me, could I come in?
on
Possibilit A hailstorm could come here
y tomorrow.
Polite
No problem. I could give you a lift.
offer
Could Polite Could you please move to the next
request slide?
 Permission May I leave early?
Astronauts may di
May Possibility scover life in
other planets.
​ Might I take you
Polite permission
home?
I might visit him
Possibility tomorrow if the
Might weather is nice.
You must do
Obligation
homework.
​
He must be at the
Must cinema now. He
Certainty
told me about that
yesterday.
You mustn’t play
Mustn't Prohibition here. It’s
dangerous.
The weather
forecast predicts
Prediction
​ that it’ll rain
tonight.
I’ll finish all the
Promise homework by
Friday.
Spontaneous I’ll lend you some
decision money.
 My dad said that
Used as the past he would give me
form of “will” some toys on my
birthday.

Would Would you mind

Polite request/
closing the door,
demand
please?
This time tomorrow
​ Prediction I shall be in
London.
Shall we discuss
Shall Offer/ suggestion this further with
him?
You should see the
Advice
doctor. It’s swollen.
​
The
Prediction/
project should be
expectation
done before May.
Should
Should I call her to
Polite suggestion
 You ought to say
good bye to your
Obligation
parents when you
leave.

Ought to
You ought to sleep
Advice early. You look
really tired.

​ Used to talk about You needn’t give

something not him any advice. He
Needn't necessary won’t listen.
Condition
Usages Forms Examples
al type

MAIN
IF CLAUSE
CLAUSE

- If you heat
ice, it melts.
Used to talk
- If it rains,
Zero about the
Present Present everything gets
condition general truths/
simple simple wet.
al things that are
- Your heart
always true
beats faster if
you’re worried.
 -If I win the
game, I’ll get
some prizes.
- She’ll get
bad score if
Used to talk
she doesn’t
First about real or Present WILL +
study hard.
conditional possible simple Verb-bare
- If the
situations
weather is
nice
tomorrow,
we’ll go
camping.
 -If I met him
yesterday, I
would tell him
the truth.
Used to talk
- I would pass
about unreal
Second WOULD + the exam if I
or impossible Past simple
conditional Verb-bare studied hard.
situations at
- If Sally
present
drove more
carefully, she
wouldn’t have
any accident.
 -If Jane had
known the
truth, she
would have
been very
shocked.
- I would
Used to talk
WOULD have won the
about unreal
Third HAVE + competition
or impossible Past perfect
conditional Past if I had tried
situations in
participle harder.
the past
- If I had
finished
homework
earlier, I
would have
gone to the
movies.
Indefinite article (a/ an)
Indefinite articles refer to a general thing
instead of a particular one.
• “A” and “an” go with singular nouns.
• “An” precedes a noun beginning with a
vowel (A, E, I, O ,U)
• (an apple, an elephant, an ice cream,
an orange, an umbrella)
• Please give me a pen; any pen will do.
• Please hand me a notebook; any notebook
will do.
• I saw a man riding a horse.
Definite article (the)
Definite article refers to a particular thing,
instead of a general thing. Hearers know
exactly which one we’re talking about.
• “The” precedes singular, plural and
uncountable nouns.
• There are many pens on the table. Please
give me the red one.
• There is a garden behind my
house. The garden is very beautiful.
• My mom gave me a postcard. The postcard
she gave me is red.
1. A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a
period/full stop, a question mark or an exclamation
mark.
• The fat cat sat on the mat.
• Where do you live?
• My dog is very clever!

2. Every sentence must have a subject and a verb. An object is

optional. Note that an imperative sentence may have a verb only,
but the subject is understood.
• John teaches.
• John teaches English.
• Stop! (ie You stop!)
3.The subject and verb must agree in number, that is a
singular subject needs a singular verb and a plural
subject needs a plural verb.
• John works in London.
• That monk eats once a day.
• John and Mary work in London.
• Most people eat three meals a day.

4. Adjectives usually come before a noun (except

when a verb separates the adjective from the
noun).
• I have a big dog.
• She married a handsome Italian man.
• (Her husband is rich.)
5. The contraction he's can mean he is OR he has.
Similarly, she's can mean she is OR she has, and it's can
mean it is OR it has, and John's can mean John is OR John
has.
• He is working
• He has finished.
• He had eaten when I arrived.
• He would eat more if possible.

6. Use many or few with countable nouns. Use much/a

lot or little for uncountable nouns.
• How many dollars do you have?
• How much money do you have?
• There are a few cars outside.
• There is little traffic on the roads.
Thank You.