ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Series and Parallel Circuit

By Tobechi Amanda
SERIES CIRCUIT
• Series circuits are sometimes referred to as current-
coupled or daisy chain-coupled. The current in a series
circuit goes through every component in the circuit.
Therefore, all of the components in a series connection
carry the same current. A series circuit has only one path
through which its current can flow.
• in a series circuit, all components are connected in line
with each other.
Facts About Series Circuit
• In a series circuit, all components are
connected end-to-end to form a single
path for current flow. The total resistance
in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual resistors, and the total voltage
drop is equal to the sum of the individual
voltage drops across those resistors.
• The main characteristics of series circuit
can be
• 1) same Current throughout the circuit,
• 2)the KVL can be applied here since the
sum of all voltages in the circuit is equal to
zero,
• 3) the total resistance of the circuit is
equals to the sum of all resistances in the
circuit,
• 4) the elements need to be connected
with correct polarities to avoid any wrong
connection.
Parallel Circuit
• A parallel circuit is one that has two or more paths for the
electricity to flow, the loads are parallel to each other.
• parallel circuit, an electrical path that branches so that the
current divides and only part of it flows through any
branch. The voltage, or potential difference, across each
branch of a parallel circuit is the same, but the currents
may vary.
Facts About Parallel Circuit
• The voltage at each
component of a parallel
circuit is the same and is
equal to the voltage at the
source.
• Current is divided among the
branches of a parallel circuit.
• If a circuit is closed, then
there are no breaks in the
circuit path.
• Total current is equal to the
sum of the current in each
loop.
•v
Electro-Magnetic Effect
• The electromagnetic effect describes the electrical and
magnetic forces or effects produced by an electric current.
The electromagnetic effect is used to create electricity in a
generator using a process called electromagnetic
induction.
• This process involves the movement of a magnetic field
inside a conductive material or wire that results in voltage
and current being created within the conductive material.
Electromagnetic induction is also called the generator
effect. At the consumer end of the electric delivery system
the electromagnetic effect is utilized to create the work
that drives our electric equipment and appliances.
Electromagnetic induction

• This process involves the • Suppose while shopping you go

cashless and your parents use cards.
movement of a magnetic field The shopkeeper always scans or
inside a conductive material or swipes the card. Shopkeeper does not
wire that results in voltage and take a photo of the card or tap it. Why
current being created within does he swipe/scan it? And how does
this swiping deduct money from the
the conductive material. card? This happens because of the
Electromagnetic induction is ‘Electromagnetic Induction’.
also called the generator • Can moving objects produce electric
effect. At the consumer end of currents? How to determine a
relationship between electricity and
the electric delivery magnetism? Can you imagine the
system the electromagnetic scenario if there were no computers,
effect is utilized to create the no telephones, no electric lights. The
work that drives our electric experiments of Faraday has led to the
generation of generators and
equipment and appliances. transformers.
 • This law of electromagnetic
• The induction of an
induction was found by Michael
electromotive force by the Faraday. He organized a leading
motion of a conductor across wire according to the setup given
underneath, connected to a gadget
a magnetic field or by a to gauge the voltage over the circuit.
change in magnetic flux in a So when a bar magnet passes
through the snaking, the voltage is
magnetic field is measured in the circuit. The
called ‘Electromagnetic importance of this is a way of
Induction’. producing electrical energy in a
circuit by using magnetic fields and
• This either happens when a not just batteries anymore. The
conductor is set in a moving machines like generators,
transformers also the motors work
magnetic field (when utilizing on the principle of electromagnetic
AC power source) or when a induction.
conductor is always moving
in a stationary magnetic field.
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction

• First law: Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying

magnetic field, EMF induces and this emf is called an
induced emf and if the conductor is a closed circuit than
the induced current flows through it.
• Second law: The magnitude of the induced EMF is
equal to the rate of change of flux linkages.