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L1: Describing Motion Notes

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10 views

L1: Describing Motion Notes

Uploaded by

personeamistose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1

Describing Motion
I can…..

● Determine the displacement of


an object.
● Calculate the speed, distance,
and time of an object
● Differentiate between average
speed, constant speed, and
instantaneous speed
Sticky Note!

What is motion? How do you know


when an object is in motion? You
CANNOT use the word motion or
moving.

Write your answer on a sticky note and


place it on the white board.
Focus Question

Which factors describe the motion of an


object?
New Vocabulary

motion
displacement
speed
Review Vocabulary

meter: the SI unit of length, abbreviated m


Motion and Position

• Motion is a change in an object’s position


relative to a reference point.
• You don’t always need to see something move
to know that motion has taken place.
• A reference point is needed to determine the
position of an object. How you describe an
object’s motion depends on the reference
point chosen.
Motion and Position
• After a reference point is
chosen, a frame of reference
can be created. A frame of
reference is a coordinate
system in which the position
of the object is measured.
• The figure shows a
coordinate system. The
reference point is at the
origin, and each object’s
position can be described
with its coordinates.
Change in Position
• An object’s displacement is the distance and
direction of an object’s change in position.
• An object’s displacement is not the same as the
total distance the object traveled. The
displacement of the runner in the image is
different from the total distance run.
Change in Position
• You know that distances can be added to get
total distance. What if the directions are the
same?
• If two directions are exactly opposite, the
distances can be subtracted.
• Displacements that are not in the same or
opposite direction cannot be directly added
or subtracted.
Practice Time!
Determine the displacement of a dog that
runs 15 m north, 6 m south, then 8 m north.

Rules for Adding displacements


1) Add displacements in the same direction
2) subtract displacements in the opposite
direction
3) Displacements that are not in the same or in
opposite directions cannot be added together.
Practice Time!
If an object moves 10 meters east and then 15
meters west, what is its net displacement?

Rules for Adding displacements


1) Add displacements in the same direction
2) subtract displacements in the opposite
direction
3) Displacements that are not in the same or in
opposite directions cannot be added together.
Practice Time!

If an object moves 5 meters north and then 3


meters south, what is its displacement?

Rules for Adding displacements


1) Add displacements in the same direction
2) subtract displacements in the opposite
direction
3) Displacements that are not in the same or in
opposite directions cannot be added together.
Speed
Speed
• If you are traveling at
a constant speed,
you can calculate
your speed by
dividing any distance
interval by the time
it took you to travel
the distance.
• Usually, speed is not
constant. The graph
shows how speed
can vary.
Speed
• Two common ways of expressing a changing
speed are average speed and instantaneous
speed.
• Average speed is the total distance traveled
divided by the total time of travel.
• Instantaneous speed is the speed at a given
point in time.
Practice Time!

A car is traveling at a constant speed


and covers a distance of 750 m in 25s.
What’s the car’s speed?
Practice Time!

A passenger elevator travels from the


first floor to the 60th floor, a distance
of 210 m, in 35 s. What is the
elevator’s speed?
Practice Time!

A motorcycle is moving at a constant


speed of 40 km/h. How long does it
take the motorcyclist to travel a
distance of 10 km?
Practice Time!

How far does a car travel in .75 h if


it is moving at a constant speed of
88 km/h?
Practice Time!

Challenge: A long-distance runner is


running at a constant speed of 5
m/s. How long does it take the
runner to travel 1 km.
Speed Limits
• Think about all the different speed limits on
the way to school from home.

• How long does it take to get to school?


• How far did you travel?
• What’s your average speed?
• What’s your instantaneous speed?
Graphing Motion

• Motion over time can be shown on a distance-


time graph. This graph shows the distance
traveled by three swimmers during a
30-minute workout. Time is plotted along the
horizontal axis, and the distance traveled is
plotted along the vertical axis.
Graphing Motion
• An object’s speed is equal
to the slope of the line on
a distance-time graph.
• If an object moves with a
constant speed, the
increase in distance over
equal time intervals is
the same and the line is
straight.
• The fastest object has the
steepest line on the
graph.
Focus Question

Which factors describe the motion of an


object?
Quiz
1. Which of the following do you calculate when you divide
the total distance traveled by the total travel time?

A constant speed

B average speed CORRECT

C variable speed

D instantaneous speed
Quiz
2. How is speed defined?

A acceleration/time

B distance/time CORRECT

C change in velocity/time

D displacement/time
Quiz
3. What is the speed of a walker who covers a distance of
1000 m in 25 minutes?

A 40 m/s C 0.67 m/s


CORRECT
B 1.6 m/s D 0.67 s/m
Quiz
3. A wolf walks 20 km east and then turns around and
walks 10 km west. What is the total displacement?

A 30 km east C 10 km east CORRECT

B 30 km west D 10 km west
Quiz
4. Which of the following is NOT true of a distance-
time graph?

A The slope of the graph equals the object’s speed.

B Distance is on the x-axis. CORRECT

C Time is on the x-axis.

D The line is straight if speed is constant.


Quiz

5. Which of the following is true?

A Speed is usually constant.

B Average speed is the total time of travel divided by


the distance traveled.
C If an object is moving with a constant speed,
the instantaneous speed does not change. CORRECT

D The x-axis is divided into equal distance intervals


on a distance-time graph.
Assignment

Describing Motion Worksheet

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