Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
HEALTH
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Survey of the Scene and the Victims & Dressing and Bandages

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
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Name of School: ___________________________
 I-What I Need To Know

In this module you will learn:

The proper procedures in assessing emergency situations for unintentional injuries and in
doing the primary and secondary surveys of the victims. You will also learn the different dressing and
bandages used on wounds and burns.

Various activities will help you reflect on what you learned and to have a “safety” journey
ahead. In this module, you are expected to attain the following objectives:

a. Demonstrates the conduct of primary and secondary survey of the victim (CAB);
H9IS-IIIb-37
b. Assesses emergency situation for unintentional injuries; H9IS-IIIb-38
c. Explains the principles of wound dressing; H9IS-IIIc.d-40
d. Demonstrates appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries;
H9IS-IIIc.d-41

II-What I Know

Activity: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Before you start, let us first check what you know about safety education. Write your
answers on your work/activity sheet. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?
A. Call for help
B. Survey if the scene is safe
C. Do a head-to-toe examination
D. Check the vital signs of the victim
2. When is primary survey of the victim done?
A. When the victim is conscious
B. During the survey of the scene
C. When the victim is unconscious
D. After the victim has regained consciousness
3. What sterile cloth is used to cover a wound?
A. bandage C. dressing
B. cold compress D. hot compress
4. What is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization of a fracture?
A. bandage C. dressing
B. cold compress D. hot compress
5. Which is a break in the continuity of the tissue in the body?
A. fracture C. sprain
B. laceration D. wound

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 III-What’s In

Why is first aid important?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Can we help others through our knowledge and skills in first aid? How?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

IV-What’s New

Activity1: Express your Queries

Instruction: Study Carefully

Figure

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1. It shows the procedure in assessing emergency situations.

Figure 1. Steps in Assessing Emergency Situations

(Source: The Health Curriculum in Philippine Basic Education, Vol. 2)
Do you understand the flow chart? If yes, congratulations! You have an in depth background
knowledge and skills in first aid. If you don’t, then list down on the table below all the words and
phrases that you do not understand or are confused about.

I don’t know anything about…. I am confused about…

Activity 2: Bonding with Dressing and Bandages

Instruction: Examine the pictures. Answer the questions provided below.

1. Have you seen or used any of them? When?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Where?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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3. What do you call them?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. When do you use them?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

V-What Is It

Survey of the Scene and The Victims

Difference between signs and symptoms

Signs are details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing and smell during the
course of the examination.
Example:
 Bleeding
 Swelling
 Deformities
Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to describe.
Example:
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Heat
 Impaired sensations
There are two ways to conduct physical examination when giving first aid:
1. Primary Survey
Primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and
immediately treat life-threatening conditions.

a. Check for Consciousness

1. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?” while carefully shaking the victim’s
shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not even mumbles or groans, the victim is unconscious
and in need of immediate medical help.

b. Open the Airway

1. The victim’s unconsciousness maybe due to an obstruction in his/her airway. It may
also be caused by a narrowed airway making breathing impossible.
2. Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the throat area which allows the
tongue to slip back and block the throat.
3. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the victim is an adult). This way you
will be able to lift the tongue from the back of the throat, leaving the airway clear.

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 c. Check for Breathing
1. Put your face near the victim’s mouth and look, listen, and feel for breathing. You
should observe for:
Chest movement, sound of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek
d. Check for Circulation
1. Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates blood circulation,
which is essential for the heart and brain to function.
2. Poor blood circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin. This is fatal.
3. To revive circulation, perform CPR immediately.

2. Secondary Survey

Secondary survey is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s condition.

a. History Taking
SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to perform the steps more easily.
S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)
A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
M-edication (what are the medicines s/he is currently taking)
P-revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
L-ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
E-vents prior to what happened
P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I-ntensity
N-ullify (What stopped it?)

b. Checking for Vital Signs

A. Pulse rate
Steps in checking the pulse:
 Use your fingertips in getting the pulse. Follow the following procedure:
1. Place the finger tip over an artery where it either crosses a bone or lies close to the
skin.
2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood causes the vessel wall to
expand – that is the pulse.

 The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body like:

1. Brachial 5. Subclavian
2. Carotid 6. Axillary
3. Wrist 7. Femoral
4. Temporal

 NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate

 Never use your thumb; it has its own pulse.

 Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at the same time.
 Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting position.
Pulsations disappear as the victim is elevated to a sitting position.

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  Never put too much pressure or massage the carotid. You may disturb the heart’s
electrical conduction system.
Normal Pulse Rate
60-70 Men
70-80 Women
80-90 Children over 7 years old
80-120 Children over 1-7 years old
110-130 Infants

B. Temperature
Guidelines in checking temperature:
 It is being important to monitor temperature in the case of stroke and high fever.
 Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer within the:
1. Rectum (rectal)
2. Oral (mouth)
3. Axillary (armpit)

C. Respiration
Guidelines in checking respiration:
 Count the number of breaths per minute.
 A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may mean an asthma
attack.
 A gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may mean that the tongue,
mucous or something else is stuck in the throat and does not let enough air to get
through.
* Between 12-20 breaths per minute are normal for adults and older children; 40 breaths per
minute are normal for babies.
D. Skin color
Guidelines in checking skin color:
 Skin color reflects the circulation of blood and the saturation of oxygen in the
blood.
 The presence of mucous around the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds is a sign
of poor blood circulation.
 A healthy skin that warm and pink because blood flows normally in the blood
vessels.

c. Head to Toe Examination

1. Head and neck

 Are there any lacerations or contusions in the area?
 Is there a presence of blood in the victim’s hair? If yes, immediately find out
where it is coming from.
 Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose, and ears? If so, the victim has a skull
fracture.
2. Eyes
 Pay close attention to the pupils.

Pupil Appearance Assessment

Dilated pupil State of shock

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 Very small pupils Poison or use of prohibited drugs
Different size Head injury that requires immediate
attention
Small and bright Pupils are reactive
No reaction DEATH
3. Chest
 Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and other impairments.
 If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure onto his/ her chest, there could be a
rib fracture.
4. Abdomen
 Does the victim’s abdomen hurt? Where is the pain coming from?
 Is his/ her abdomen tender?
 Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get immediate medical assistance.
5. Back
 Is there movement in the victim’s lower extremities?
 Is there sensation in these parts? If the answer is yes, do not move the victim.
Immobilize him/ her.

Top Ten things to do in case of emergency

1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing and
band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.

*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG IN EVERY VICTIM.

Dressing and Bandages

 A dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to
stop bleeding.

Techniques in Applying a Dressing:

1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not to touch the wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are trying to position it,
discard and use a fresh one.
4. Place the dressing over the wound.
5. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges of the wound.
6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will stick.
7. Then secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.

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  Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for sprains and
strains. Cold packs can be used as cold compress. Hot compress is also used to allow normal
blood circulation. Cold and hot compress are applied alternately for closed wounds or
contusions.
 Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds and burns; and
providing support for immobilization for broken bones, sprains and strains. There are three
main types of bandages namely: triangular, ace and tubular. Triangular bandage is made from
cloth and can be used as cold compress, padding, support for pressure, or support sling. Ace
bandage secures dressings in place. Tubular bandage is used to support joints or hold
dressings in place. Smaller tubular bandage is used for finger injuries.

Figure 2 shows parts of a triangular bandage.

Two Phases of Bandaging

A. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest, back, hand,
and foot, and as arm sling.
B. A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like wound on the eye,
forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee, and palm and for a sprained
ankle. The narrower the cravat is, the greater pressure it will give.

Figure 3. Phases of Bandaging

Techniques in Bandaging

1. Keep in mind the following:

a. Always use a square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.

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 2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your first aid skills,
and materials at hand.
3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight so as not to
cut off blood circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck, and small back, use
its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently into place.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still comfortable and
that it remains firmly secured.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips or a bow or square knot. Ensure that the bandages,
especially the knots, do not touch the skin.

How to do a square knot

 Right over left and left over right (Figure 4)

Figure 4. Making a Square Knot

Wounds
A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be closed in which there is
no break or damage in the skin. It is also called hematoma or contusions. A wound may also be an
open wound in which there is a break in the skin.

Kinds of Open Wounds

Puncture Abrasion Incision Laceration Avulsion

1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling
tools and other accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.

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How to manage wounds:
A. For management of hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE:
1. Resting the injured part
2. Ice application
3. Compression
4. Elevation
B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding
Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound.
1. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure.
2. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds with
embedded object.
3. Cover wound with sterile dressing and bandage.
4. Care for shock.
5. Consult a physician immediately.
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to assess the situation first before proceeding to the primary and
secondary survey of the victim?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Why is it necessary to apply the proper techniques on applying dressings and bandages?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

VI-What’s More

Activity 3: Let’s Try This!

Instruction: Choose any of the situation below. List down the proper procedures to the situation.

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Situation: _______________________________
Proper Procedures
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Activity 4: Wound and Bandage

Instruction: Choose from the pictures below the correct type of bandaging for the specified injuries.

1. An incision on a chest
2. An abrasion on a cheek
3. A puncture on a foot
4. A laceration on the arms
5. An avulsion on the head

VII-What I Have Learned?

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 VIII-What I Can Do

ACTIVITY: Rate Yourself

How well did you learn the procedures in assessing emergency situations and in doing
primary and secondary surveys of the victims as well as the concepts on dressings and bandages?
Write your name and reason at the right side of your chosen self-rating.

Why is it important to follow the proper procedures in assessing emergency situations and in doing
basic life support (primary and secondary survey of the victim)?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

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 IX-Assessment

ACTIVITY: Be Grateful and Resourceful

Instruction: List down some materials at home that can be used as dressings and bandages Include
their uses. Write them in the box.

ANSWER KEY
PRE-ASSESSMENT
A C C A D
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Possible answers in the assessment.

Bandage
Scarf/Handkerchief Dressing
T-Shirt Cotton Cloths
Sweat Shirt Cottons
Socks Sanitary Napkins
Curtains Tissue
Towel Wet Wipes
Blankets
*Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wound and burns; and providing support for
immobilization for broken bones, sprains and strains

*Dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to stop bleeding

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 X-Additional Activity

Music is Good for Health

Instruction: Compose a 4-line jazz chant in English, Filipino or your own dialect describing the importance of
having first aid and safety awareness.
Criteria: Relevance and Creativity
Example: First Aid ay kailangan
Upang emergency ay ating matugunan
Ngunit mas makakabuting, mag- ingat- ingat lang
Iwasan ang sakuna, katawan ay protektahan.

References

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH LEARNER MATERIALS PP. 330-349

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer: Crisanta S.J. Labadlabad

Claribel O. Dispo
Editor:
Language Editor:
Proof Reader:
Illustrators: Kevin B. Delica
Layout Artist: Kevin B. Delica

Management Team:
Julieto H. Fernandez, Ed. D., CESO VI
SDS-Isabela City
Maria Laarni T. Villanueva, Ed. D., CESE
ASDS-Isabela City
Henry R. Tura, CID Chief
Elsa A. Usman, LR Supervisor
Jani P. Ismael, EPS-MAPEH, Module Coordinator

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 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land

Here the trees and flowers bloom Gallant men And Ladies fair
Here the breezes gently Blow, Linger with love and care
Here the birds sing Merrily, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset
The liberty forever Stays, Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX
Hardworking people Abound,
Here the Badjaos roam the seas
Every valleys and Dale
Here the Samals live in peace
Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
Here the Tausogs thrive so free
Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos,
With the Yakans in unity
Ilongos,
All of them are proud and true
Region IX our Eden Land
Region IX
Our…
Eden...
Land...

The Footprints Prayer Trees by Joyce Kilmer

One night I had a dream. I dreamed I think that I shall never see
that I was walking along the beach A poem lovely as a tree.
with the LORD.
A tree whose hungry mouth is prest
In the beach, there were two (2) sets Against the earth’s sweet flowing
of footprints – one belong to me and breast;
the other to the LORD.
A tree that looks at God all day,
Then, later, after a long walk, I And lifts her leafy arms to pray;
noticed only one set of footprints.
A tree that may in Summer wear
“And I ask the LORD. Why? Why?
A nest of robins in her hair;
Why did you leave me when I am sad
and helpless?”
Upon whose bosom snow has lain;
And the LORD replied “My son, My Who intimately lives with rain.
son, I have never left you. There was
only one (1) set of footprints in the Poems are made by fools like me,
sand, because it was then that I But only God can make a tree.
CARRIED YOU!