Department of Electrical Engineering ,IIT

(BHU) Varanasi

Explorator
y Project
Supervised By :
Prof. Dr. Santosh Kumar
Singh
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH DC TO
DC BOOST CONVERTER(Using MPPT)
AND THREE PHASE DC TO AC
INVERTER

Submitted By :

Manvendra Singh Holkar(21085049)

Khushboo Chaurasya(21085039)
Mahima Chahar(21085045)
 Table of Contents

Three phase
DC to AC
1 Introduction inverter 4
Sinusoidal pulse
width modulation

DC to DC Simulation
2 Boost Result
Simulation on Matlab 5
Converter Software Simulink

MPP Conclusi
3 T
Perturbation and on 6
Observation method
1 Introduction :
Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy through the use of
photovoltaic (PV) cells, also known as solar cells. These cells are made
from semiconductor materials, such as silicon, and are designed to
absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.When sunlight hits a solar
cell, it excites electrons in the semiconductor material, causing them to
flow and generate a current.This current is then collected by conducting
2 1
wires and can be
The efficiency used cell
of solar as electrical
conversionenergy.
depends
on factors such as the quality of the
semiconductor material, the amount of sunlight 3
that is absorbed, and the temperature of the
cell. Additionally, solar panels can be
connected in series or parallel to increase the
 DC to DC Boost
2
Converter
A boost converter is a type of DC-DC converter that steps up
the voltage of a DC input to a higher DC output voltage. It is
called a "boost" converter because it boosts the input voltage
to a higher level. Boost converters are commonly used in
applications where a higher voltage is needed than the
available input voltage.
Components Required
1.Voltage Source
2.Inductor
3.1N4001 Diode
4.Switching Device(IGBT)
5.Capacitor
6.Load
Circuit Diagram of DC to DC Boost
converter
 a Mode 1: Switch is On, Diode is
Mode 1 Off
begins when the switch SW is turned on at t = 0. The input
current which rises flows through inductor L and switch SW. During this
mode, energy is stored in the inductor and load is supplied by capacitor
current.
b Mode 2: Switch is Off ,Diode is
Mode On
2 begins when the switch is turned off at t = DT. The current
that was flowing through the switch would now flow through inductor
L, diode D, output capacitor C, and load R. The inductor current falls
until the switch is turned on again in the next cycle. During this time,
energy stored in the inductor is transferred to the load together with
the input voltage. Therefore, the output voltage is greater than the
input voltage
1

3 2
 MPPT(Maximum Power Point
3
Tracking) :
MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is algorithm that included in charge
controllers used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under
certain conditions. The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power
is called „maximum power point‟ (or peak power voltage). Maximum power varies
with solar radiation, ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.Using the fact
that input power is equal to output power , we can get :
Hence by the maximum power transfer
theorem, maximum power will extracts
from the solar panel when transferred
load resistance is equal to the internal
resistance. This condition is achieved by
this proposed (MPPT) algorithm.
Where,The proposed control strategy will
set the duty cycle of converter so as to
match transferred load resistance with
 Circuit Diagram of Solar PV array with DC to DC
a
Boost converter and MPPT
 Simulation Result : I-V Characteristic Curve and
b
P-V Characteristic Curve
 Perturbation and
c
Observation Method:
When we observe the PV curve , We
find out that :In the given curve, D =
1.0 at the origin, and D = 0.0 at thus,
the value of D decreases as we move
from left to right in the curve. Now,
we can divide the power curve into 2
parts for analysis. The part to the left
of the maximum power point, and the
part to the right of it. In the left part,
the power output increases as we
increase the voltage, or in other
words, the power output increases
with a decrease in the value of D.

Contrast to this, in the right part of the curve, the increasing voltage (or
the decreasing D) leads to a decrease in the power output.From this
Observation P and O method come.
d
Flow Chart of Perturb and
Observe Method.
 PV array voltage, PV array current, Output
e power of PV array
4 Three phase DC to AC inverter
A three-phase DC to AC inverter is a device that converts DC
(Direct Current) power into AC (Alternating Current) power
with three-phase output. The inverter is used in various
applications, including renewable energy systems, motor
control, uninterruptible power supply, and many others.
There are different types of three-phase DC to AC inverters,
including pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters, sinusoidal
pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverters, and multilevel
inverters. PWM inverters are the most common type of
inverter used in industrial applications due to their simplicity
and cost-effectiveness. SPWM inverters are preferred for
applications requiring a high-quality output waveform, such
as motor control.
a
SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION (SPWM)
The gating signals are generated by comparing a sinusoidal
reference wave with a triangular carrier wave of frequency Fr and
Fc respectively. When the sinusoidal wave has a higher
magnitude, output is high otherwise it is low. The comparator
output is processed in a trigger pulse generator in such a way
that the output voltage wave has a pulse width in agreement
with comparator pulse width.
b SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
To provide the gate signals to the switches in an inverter, two types of
switching schemes are used-Unipolar and Bipolar voltage switching. If
the triangular carrier wave is either in the positive or negative polarity
range of changes, the resulting SPWM wave lies only in the polarRange,
this type of switching is called unipolar control mode. Whereas if the
triangular carrier wave lies in continuous range between both positive
and negative polarity, the SPWM wave lies between positive and
negative changes, this switching is known as bipolar control.
c
SWITCHING TECHNIQUES IN THREE
PHASE INVERTER
Here, triangular carrier wave is compared with three reference sinusoidal
waves (U,V,W) which are displaced by 120 degrees.
d
Simulink Model for SPWM Inverter
with LC filter
5 SIMULATION RESULTS
a Phase to Ground voltage vs time(Before LC Filter)
b 3 Phase Output Current vs time(Before LC Filter)
c Phase to Ground voltage vs time(After LC Filter)
d 3 Phase Output Current vs time(After LC Filter)
FULL CIRCUIT FOR THREE PHASE AC POWER GENERATION
VOLTAGE OUTPUT OF THREE PHASE SPWM
6 Conclusion
In conclusion, a photovoltaic system with a DC to DC boost converter
(using MPPT) and a three-phase DC to AC inverter is an efficient and
effective way to convert solar energy into usable electricity. The DC to
DC boost converter with MPPT maximizes the energy harvested from
the solar panels and regulates the voltage to match the requirements
of the inverter. The three-phase DC to AC inverter converts the DC
power into three-phase AC power with a high level of efficiency and
quality waveform.

This system is suitable for various applications, including residential,

commercial, and industrial, and it can help reduce dependence on
grid electricity and lower electricity bills. The system's performance
can be further improved by using high-quality components and
optimizing the system design to match the specific requirements of
the application. Overall, this system is a reliable and sustainable
 H N
T A K
Y U
O